{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:59:43Z","timestamp":1792018783880,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"RMIT Vice Chancellor Senior Research Fellow"},{"name":"Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology","award":["CSCL08.01\/24-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSCL08.01\/24-25"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aging is associated with alterations in gut microbiota, yet the combined effects of geography and diet remain underexplored in elderly populations. This study investigated the gut microbiota of 227 healthy Vietnamese individuals aged \u226560 years, stratified by select urban and rural residence in both Hanoi and Thanh Hoa provinces, and across three age groups (60\u201369, 70\u201379, \u226580 years). Dietary patterns were collected and recorded for each participant. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed significant differences in microbial diversity and composition associated with geographical location (urban, rural) and age. Urban participants in Hanoi exhibited higher richness and greater abundance of health-associated genera, including Bifidobacterium, Fusicatenibacter, and Blautia, likely reflecting more diverse plant-based diets. In contrast, rural participants in Thanh Hoa showed enrichment of beneficial butyrate-producing genera such as Fusicatenibacter, Roseburia, Lachnospira and Blautia, possibly linked to traditional diets rich in freshwater fish and fermented foods. Participants aged 70\u201379 years displayed reduced microbial richness compared to other age groups. Age-related reductions in Roseburia, Veillonella, and Prevotella were also observed. These findings highlight how geography, diet, and aging shape the gut microbiota and may guide microbiota-targeted dietary strategies to promote healthy aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13122803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T14:49:01Z","timestamp":1765291741000},"page":"2803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dietary Effects, Age, and Urban\u2013Rural Dynamics in Shaping Gut Microbiota of Elderly Vietnamese: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Adel","family":"Hamdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1411-6269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le Van","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vu Thi","family":"Hien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2832-9614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phuong Anh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7735-5294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thi Bach Duong","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Horizon Palliative Care Company Limited, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charmaine","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajaraman","family":"Eri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7019-4726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragana","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Queensland Innovation and Research Precinct (CQIRP), Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Van","family":"Quyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1559-568X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thi Thu Hao","family":"Van","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1978","article-title":"Worlds within Worlds: Evolution of the Vertebrate Gut Microbiota","volume":"6","author":"Ley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08821","article-title":"A Human Gut Microbial Gene Catalogue Established by Metagenomic Sequencing","volume":"464","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22179","article-title":"Gut Microbiota: From Microorganisms to Metabolic Organ Influencing Obesity","volume":"26","author":"Stephens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00045.2009","article-title":"Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease","volume":"90","author":"Sekirov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223813","article-title":"Host-Gut Microbiota Metabolic Interactions","volume":"336","author":"Nicholson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-019-9926-y","article-title":"Homeostasis and Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease","volume":"44","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2013.813900","article-title":"Dynamic Efficiency of the Human Intestinal Microbiota","volume":"41","author":"Candela","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.223263","article-title":"Dysbiosis of the Faecal Microbiota in Patients with Crohn\u2019s Disease and Their Unaffected Relatives","volume":"60","author":"Joossens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R79","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2012-13-9-r79","article-title":"Dysfunction of the Intestinal Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Treatment","volume":"13","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.09.008","article-title":"Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity after Lean Donor Feces in Metabolic Syndrome Is Driven by Baseline Intestinal Microbiota Composition","volume":"26","author":"Kootte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05315","article-title":"Gut Dysbiosis Is Linked to Hypertension","volume":"65","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.05.003","article-title":"Intestinal Microbiota Is a Plastic Factor Responding to Environmental Changes","volume":"20","author":"Candela","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varghese, S., Rao, S., Khattak, A., Zamir, F., and Chaari, A. (2024). Physical Exercise and the Gut Microbiome: A Bidirectional Relationship Influencing Health and Performance. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16213663"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nobre, J.G., and Alpuim Costa, D. (2022). Sociobiome: How Do Socioeconomic Factors Influence Gut Microbiota and Enhance Pathology Susceptibility?\u2014A Mini-Review. Front. Gastroenterol., 1.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgstr.2022.1020190"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"249","article-title":"The Potential Impact of Gut Microbiota on Your Health: Current Status and Future Challenges","volume":"34","author":"Sirisinha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leeming, E.R., Johnson, A.J., Spector, T.D., and Le Roy, C.I. (2019). Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota: Rethinking Intervention Duration. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11122862"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramirez, J., Guarner, F., Bustos Fernandez, L., Maruy, A., Sdepanian, V.L., and Cohen, H. (2020). Antibiotics as Major Disruptors of Gut Microbiota. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.572912"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Zhang, C., Zhang, Q., Yu, L., Chen, W., Xue, Y., and Zhai, Q. (2023). Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors on the Human Gut Microbiota. BMC Microbiol., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-02895-w"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40101-016-0121-7","article-title":"Lifestyle and Geographic Insights into the Distinct Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women from Two Different Geographic Locations","volume":"35","author":"Shin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"323","article-title":"Contribution of the Intestinal Microbiota to Human Health: From Birth to 100 Years of Age","volume":"358","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Top Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"13","article-title":"The Inflammatory Status of Old Age Can Be Nurtured from the Intestinal Environment","volume":"11","author":"Guigoz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2009.04.002","article-title":"Combined Pcr-Dgge Fingerprinting and Quantitative-Pcr Indicates Shifts in Fecal Population Sizes and Diversity of Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria and Clostridium Cluster IV in Institutionalized Elderly","volume":"44","author":"Zwielehner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare3040898","article-title":"Gut Microbiota: A Modulator of Brain Plasticity and Cognitive Function in Ageing","volume":"3","author":"Leung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0064-2","article-title":"Inflammageing: Chronic Inflammation in Ageing, Cardiovascular Disease, And frailty","volume":"15","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11319","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Composition Correlates with Diet and Health in the Elderly","volume":"488","author":"Claesson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00327-17","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00327-17","article-title":"The Gut Microbiota of Healthy Aged Chinese Is Similar to That of the Healthy Young","volume":"2","author":"Bian","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elsherbiny, N.M., Kamal El-Din, O.M., Hassan, E.A., Hetta, H.F., Alatawy, R., Sayed Ali, M.A., Alanazi, F.E., Abdel-Maksoud, M.S., Aljohani, H.M., and Badary, M.S. (2025). Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment Significantly Shaped the Gut Microbiota in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients: A Pilot Study. Front. Microbiol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1664447"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2009.00474.x","article-title":"Centenarians\u2014A Useful Model for Healthy Aging? A 29-Year Follow-up of Hospitalizations among 40,000 Danes Born in 1905","volume":"8","author":"Engberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100912","article-title":"Centenarians\u2019 Offspring as a Model of Healthy Aging: A Reappraisal of the Data on Italian Subjects and a Comprehensive Overview","volume":"8","author":"Bucci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Odamaki, T., Kato, K., Sugahara, H., Hashikura, N., Takahashi, S., Xiao, J.-Z., Abe, F., and Osawa, R. (2016). Age-Related Changes in Gut Microbiota Composition from Newborn to Centenarian: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Microbiol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0708-5"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(00)00218-7","article-title":"Serum Concentrations of Zinc and Selenium in Elderly People: Results in Healthy Nonagenarians\/Centenarians","volume":"36","author":"Savarino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"213","article-title":"Comparison of the Vietnamese Diet with Diets from Other Countries for Sarcopenia","volume":"30","author":"Quoc","year":"2023","journal-title":"Malays. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutos.2024.02.005","article-title":"Nutritional Status and Related Factors in Vietnamese Students in 2022","volume":"54","author":"Thi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. Open Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2015.08.004","article-title":"Health-Promoting Microbes in Traditional Vietnamese Fermented Foods: A Review","volume":"4","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Wellness"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, S.D., Biesbroek, S., Le, T.D., Feskens, E.J.M., Brouwer, I.D., and Talsma, E.F. (2023). Environmental Impact and Nutrient Adequacy of Derived Dietary Patterns in Vietnam. Front. Nutr., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.986241"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, Y., Wang, S.F., Zhou, K., and Dai, S.X. (2022). Comparison and Recommendation of Dietary Patterns Based on Nutrients for Eastern and Western Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1066252"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-020-01096-x","article-title":"Nutrition Transition in Vietnam: Changing Food Supply, Food Prices, Household Expenditure, Diet and Nutrition Outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Harris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Secur."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choudhury, S., Bi, A.Z., Medina-Lara, A., Morrish, N., and Veettil, P.C. (2025). The Rural Food Environment and Its Association with Diet, Nutrition Status, and Health Outcomes in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries (Lmics): A Systematic Review. BMC Public Health, 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22098-4"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raneri, J., Kennedy, G., Nguyen, T., Wertheim-Heck, S., Do, H., Haan, S., Phuong, N., Huong, L., Mai, T., and Duong, T. (2019). Determining Key Research Areas for Healthier Diets and Sustainable Food Systems in Viet Nam, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).","DOI":"10.2499\/p15738coll2.133433"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tripathy, J.P., Thakur, J.S., Jeet, G., Chawla, S., Jain, S., and Prasad, R. (2016). Urban Rural Differences in Diet, Physical Activity and Obesity in India: Are We Witnessing the Great Indian Equalisation? Results from a Cross-Sectional Steps Survey. BMC Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3489-8"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCormack, L., Wey, H., Meendering, J., and Specker, B. (2018). Differences in Physical Activity and Diet Patterns between Non-Rural and Rural Adults. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111601"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-016-0307-y","article-title":"The Healthy Human Microbiome","volume":"8","author":"Huttenhower","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2018.1494102","article-title":"Identification of Gut Microbiome Signatures Associated with Longevity Provides a Promising Modulation Target for Healthy Aging","volume":"10","author":"Kong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.12.017","article-title":"Integration of 168,000 Samples Reveals Global Patterns of the Human Gut Microbiome","volume":"188","author":"Abdill","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-024-00932-w","article-title":"The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease in the Elderly","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61092-7","article-title":"The Challenge of Managing Drug Interactions in Elderly People","volume":"370","author":"Mallet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3310","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38558-7","article-title":"Global Branches and Local States of the Human Gut Microbiome Define Associations with Environmental and Intrinsic Factors","volume":"14","author":"Tap","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humic.2019.100069","article-title":"Gut Microbiome Composition and Diversity Are Related to Human Personality Traits","volume":"15","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Microb. J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234","article-title":"Structure, Function and Diversity of the Healthy Human Microbiome","volume":"486","author":"Huttenhower","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2266","article-title":"Symptomatic Atherosclerosis Is Associated with an Altered Gut Metagenome","volume":"3","author":"Karlsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12506","article-title":"Richness of Human Gut Microbiome Correlates with Metabolic Markers","volume":"500","author":"Nielsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.12.006","article-title":"Prior Dietary Practices and Connections to a Human Gut Microbial Metacommunity Alter Responses to Diet Interventions","volume":"21","author":"Griffin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.09.008","article-title":"Inflammation, Antibiotics, and Diet as Environmental Stressors of the Gut Microbiome in Pediatric Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"18","author":"Lewis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.04.016","article-title":"Gut Microbiota and Extreme Longevity","volume":"26","author":"Biagi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601970","article-title":"The Mediterranean vs. the Japanese Diet","volume":"58","author":"Tokudome","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3390\/immuno4040026","article-title":"Gut Microbiome as a Target of Intervention in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis and Therapy","volume":"4","author":"Hetta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immuno"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perrone, P., and D\u2019Angelo, S. (2025). Gut Microbiota Modulation through Mediterranean Diet Foods: Implications for Human Health. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17060948"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26775","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26775","article-title":"An Improved Method for High Quality Metagenomics DNA Extraction from Human and Environmental Samples","volume":"6","author":"Bag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-2-6","article-title":"An Improved Dual-Indexing Approach for Multiplexed 16s Rrna Gene Sequencing on the Illumina Miseq Platform","volume":"2","author":"Fadrosh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W180","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx295","article-title":"Microbiomeanalyst: A Web-Based Tool for Comprehensive Statistical, Visual and Meta-Analysis of Microbiome Data","volume":"45","author":"Dhariwal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-023-12925-2","article-title":"Pioneering Gut Health Improvements in Piglets with Phytogenic Feed Additives","volume":"108","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The Silva Ribosomal Rna Gene Database Project: Improved Data Processing and Web-Based Tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kabwe, M.H., Vikram, S., Mulaudzi, K., Jansson, J.K., and Makhalanyane, T.P. (2020). The Gut Mycobiota of Rural and Urban Individuals Is Shaped by Geography. BMC Microbiol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01907-3"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.018","article-title":"Infant and Adult Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Rural Bassa and Urban Settlers from Nigeria","volume":"23","author":"Ayeni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4259","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.052217-0","article-title":"Rosenbergiella nectarea gen. nov., sp. nov., in the Family Enterobacteriaceae, Isolated from Floral Nectar","volume":"63","author":"Halpern","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-021-09751-1","article-title":"Weissella: An Emerging Bacterium with Promising Health Benefits","volume":"13","author":"Teixeira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00126","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000126","article-title":"Influence of Exercise on the Human Gut Microbiota of Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badal, V.D., Vaccariello, E.D., Murray, E.R., Yu, K.E., Knight, R., Jeste, D.V., and Nguyen, T.T. (2020). The Gut Microbiome, Aging, and Longevity: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123759"},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"1477","article-title":"Signs of Aging in Midlife: Physical Function and Sex Differences in Microbiota","volume":"46","author":"Turjeman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collado, M.C., Donat, E., Ribes-Koninckx, C., Calabuig, M., and Sanz, Y. (2008). Imbalances in Faecal and Duodenal Bifidobacterium Species Composition in Active and Non-Active Coeliac Disease. BMC Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-232"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00734.x","article-title":"Efficacy of an Encapsulated Probiotic Bifidobacterium Infantis 35624 in Women with Irritable Bowel Syndrome","volume":"101","author":"Whorwell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.25487","article-title":"Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 Modulates Host Inflammatory Processes Beyond the Gut","volume":"4","author":"Groeger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waters, J.L., and Ley, R.E. (2019). The Human Gut Bacteria Christensenellaceae Are Widespread, Heritable, and Associated with Health. BMC Biol., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-019-0699-4"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22208","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72673-9","article-title":"The Gut Microbiota of Healthy Individuals Remains Resilient in Response to the Consumption of Various Dietary Fibers","volume":"14","author":"Pihelgas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875796","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1875796","article-title":"Blautia\u2014A New Functional Genus with Potential Probiotic Properties?","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamdi, A., Lloyd, C., Eri, R., and Van, T.T. (2025). Postbiotics: A Promising Approach to Combat Age-Related Diseases. Life, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/life15081190"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, S.-H., Kim, K.-A., Ahn, Y.-T., Jeong, J.-J., Huh, C.-S., and Kim, D.-H. (2015). Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Elderly People of Urbanized Towns and Longevity Villages. BMC Microbiol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-015-0386-8"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1811.11023","article-title":"Comparison of the Gut Microbiota of Centenarians in Longevity Villages of South Korea with Those of Other Age Groups","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.19-26","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Differences in Elderly Subjects between Rural City Kyotango and Urban City Kyoto: An Age-Gender-Matched Study","volume":"65","author":"Naito","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2014.11.013","article-title":"Fusobacterium Nucleatum: A Commensal-Turned Pathogen","volume":"23","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.9.1.55","article-title":"Taxonomy, Biology, and Periodontal Aspects of Fusobacterium nucleatum","volume":"9","author":"Bolstad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Z., Chen, J., Yao, H., and Hu, H. (2018). Fusobacterium and Colorectal Cancer. Front. Oncol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00371"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.534","article-title":"Acinetobacter Infection\u2014An Emerging Threat to Human Health","volume":"63","author":"Visca","year":"2011","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2007.12.005","article-title":"Acinetobacter Infection in the Icu","volume":"24","author":"Murray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Care Clin."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rondinella, D., Raoul, P.C., Valeriani, E., Venturini, I., Cintoni, M., Severino, A., Galli, F.S., Mora, V., Mele, M.C., and Cammarota, G. (2025). The Detrimental Impact of Ultra-Processed Foods on the Human Gut Microbiome and Gut Barrier. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17050859"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2674-y","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Changes in the Extreme Decades of Human Life: A Focus on Centenarians","volume":"75","author":"Santoro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800257","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201800257","article-title":"The Microbiome Mediates Environmental Effects on Aging","volume":"41","author":"Finlay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou, B., Zhao, D., Zhou, S., Kang, J.X., and Wang, B. (2025). Insight into the Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Gut Microbiota: Impact of a Balanced Tissue Omega-6\/Omega-3 Ratio. Front. Nutr., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1575323"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nie, K., Ma, K., Luo, W., Shen, Z., Yang, Z., Xiao, M., Tong, T., Yang, Y., and Wang, X. (2021). Roseburia Intestinalis: A Beneficial Gut Organism from the Discoveries in Genus and Species. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.757718"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2016-0130","article-title":"Roseburia spp.: A Marker of Health?","volume":"12","author":"Smida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.42.1.20-22.1981","article-title":"Syntrophic Association by Cocultures of the Methanol- and CO2-H2-Utilizing Species Eubacterium Limosum and Pectin-Fermenting Lachnospira Multiparus during Growth in a Pectin Medium","volume":"42","author":"Rode","year":"1981","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765X.1999.00671.x","article-title":"Metabolism of Pectin in Rumen Bacteria Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Prevotella ruminicola","volume":"29","author":"Marounek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amaruddin, A.I., Hamid, F., Koopman, J.P.R., Muhammad, M., Brienen, E.A.T., van Lieshout, L., Geelen, A.R., Wahyuni, S., Kuijper, E.J., and Sartono, E. (2020). The Bacterial Gut Microbiota of Schoolchildren from High and Low Socioeconomic Status: A Study in an Urban Area of Makassar, Indonesia. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8060961"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoon, H., Park, S., Jun, Y.K., Choi, Y., Shin, C.M., Park, Y.S., Kim, N., and Lee, D.H. (2023). Evaluation of Bacterial and Fungal Biomarkers for Differentiation and Prognosis of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11122882"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1406584","article-title":"Low Dietary Fiber Intake Increases Collinsella Abundance in the Gut Microbiota of Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women","volume":"9","author":"Barrett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00815-20","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00815-20","article-title":"Traditional Human Populations and Nonhuman Primates Show Parallel Gut Microbiome Adaptations to Analogous Ecological Conditions","volume":"5","author":"Petrzelkova","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-015-0072-y","article-title":"16s Gut Community of the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort","volume":"3","author":"Ross","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28550-3","article-title":"Analysis of the Gut Microbiome of Rural and Urban Healthy Indians Living in Sea Level and High Altitude Areas","volume":"8","author":"Das","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P3942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.04.014","article-title":"Global Genetic Diversity of Human Gut Microbiome Species Is Related to Geographic Location and Host Health","volume":"188","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32191","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32191","article-title":"Gut Microbiome and Dietary Patterns in Different Saudi Populations and Monkeys","volume":"6","author":"Angelakis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1600266","article-title":"The Human Intestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease","volume":"375","author":"Lynch","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3233\/NHA-150002","article-title":"Human Gut Microbiota and Healthy Aging: Recent Developments and Future Prospective","volume":"4","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Healthy Aging"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, N., Li, R., Lin, H., Fu, C., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Su, M., Huang, P., Qian, J., and Jiang, F. (2019). Enriched Taxa Were Found among the Gut Microbiota of Centenarians in East China. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222763"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00631-19","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00631-19","article-title":"Dynamic Changes of Gut Microbial Communities of Bumble Bee Queens through Important Life Stages","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"276","article-title":"Age-Related Changes in the Gut Microbiota and the Core Gut Microbiome of Healthy Thai Humans","volume":"10","author":"Nakphaichit","year":"2020","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kashtanova, D.A., Klimenko, N.S., Strazhesko, I.D., Starikova, E.V., Glushchenko, O.E., Gudkov, D.A., and Tkacheva, O.N. (2020). A Cross-Sectional Study of the Gut Microbiota Composition in Moscow Long-Livers. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8081162"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4100","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO00956B","article-title":"The Gut Microbiota Urolithin Metabotypes Revisited: The Human Metabolism of Ellagic Acid Is Mainly Determined by Aging","volume":"9","author":"Selma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-020-00014-2","article-title":"Sex- and Age-Related Trajectories of the Adult Human Gut Microbiota Shared across Populations of Different Ethnicities","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, J., Kato, K., Murakami, H., Hosomi, K., Tanisawa, K., Nakagata, T., Ohno, H., Konishi, K., Kawashima, H., and Chen, Y.A. (2021). Comprehensive Analysis of Gut Microbiota of a Healthy Population and Covariates Affecting Microbial Variation in Two Large Japanese Cohorts. BMC Microbiol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-021-02215-0"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmx009","article-title":"Butyrate: A Double-Edged Sword for Health?","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Wang, Y., Li, H., Dai, Y., Chen, D., Wang, M., Jiang, X., Huang, Z., Yu, H., and Huang, J. (2021). Altered Fecal Microbiota Composition in Older Adults with Frailty. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.696186"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa319","article-title":"Association between Gut Microbiome and Frailty in the Older Adult Population in Korea","volume":"76","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101773","article-title":"Comparison between Frail and Non-Frail Older Adults\u2019 Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"82","author":"Almeida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirasawa, Y., Isobe, J., Hosonuma, M., Tsurui, T., Baba, Y., Funayama, E., Tajima, K., Murayama, M., Narikawa, Y., and Toyoda, H. (2025). Veillonella and Streptococcus Are Associated with Aging of the Gut Microbiota and Affect the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front. Immunol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1528521"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0017921","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00179-21","article-title":"Gut Microbiome Structure and Association with Host Factors in a Korean Population","volume":"6","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, H., Qin, Q., Yan, S., Chen, J., Yang, Y., Li, T., Gao, X., and Ding, S. (2022). Comparison of the Gut Microbiota in Different Age Groups in China. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.877914"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0485-4","article-title":"Meta-Omics Analysis of Elite Athletes Identifies a Performance-Enhancing Microbe That Functions via Lactate Metabolism","volume":"25","author":"Scheiman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda, E., Ben\u00edtez-Cabello, A., Arenas-de Larriva, A.P., Gutierrez-Mariscal, F.M., P\u00e9rez-Mart\u00ednez, P., Yubero-Serrano, E.M., Arroyo-L\u00f3pez, F.N., and Garrido-Fern\u00e1ndez, A. (2023). Application of Compositional Data Analysis to Study the Relationship between Bacterial Diversity in Human Faeces and Sex, Age, and Weight. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11082134"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/13\/12\/2803\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T14:55:02Z","timestamp":1765292102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/13\/12\/2803"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms13122803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms13122803","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]}}}