{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T16:58:47Z","timestamp":1775581127606,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province","award":["2023BBB058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BBB058"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture","award":["D20220056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D20220056"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-yielding dairy cows suffer from a high metabolic load and oxidative stress, which lead to systemic inflammation and metabolic disorders, increasing the susceptibility of these cows to various production diseases. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) has demonstrated potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory physiological functions; however, research into its application in ruminants remains limited. This study investigated whether DMY supplementation is associated with the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis through the regulation of gut microbiota and metabolite profiles. A total of 14 mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were randomly divided into two groups (n = 7 per group) and supplemented with DMY at 0 or 0.05% in their basal diet for 60 consecutive days. The effects of DMY on the blood biochemical indicators and the antioxidant capacity of the dairy cows were then determined. Alterations to the gut microbiome and the fecal and plasma metabolome were analyzed through 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. The results showed that DMY significantly improved the activity of serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and presented a trend of increasing the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). The abundance of multiple fiber-degrading and beneficial commensal bacteria in the gut, including Fibrobacter_succinogenes, Ruminococcus_albus, and Turicibacter, was significantly elevated by the DMY intervention, accompanied by the upregulation of 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, myricetin, dihydro-3-coumaric acid, PGE1, L-leucine, nicotinuric acid, pantothenic acid, and pyruvate in the feces and plasma. Moreover, DMY supplementation notably reduced the abundance of potential pathogenic microbes, such as Chloroflexi, Deltaproteobacteria, RFP12, and Succinivibrio, and downregulated the levels of 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid, 12,13-DHOME (12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid), 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, niacin, and glycerol 3-phosphate. These differential metabolites were principally enriched in the mTOR signaling pathway; pantothenate, nicotinate, and thiamine metabolism; glutathione metabolism; and glycolysis\/gluconeogenesis. In summary, dietary supplementation with DMY increased the abundance of intestinal fiber-degrading bacteria and multiple metabolites with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the feces and plasma, and was associated with alterations in metabolic pathways involving B-vitamins, amino acids, and glutathione. This suggests a potential role for DMY in supporting metabolic homeostasis in dairy cows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14010020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T08:35:27Z","timestamp":1766392527000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Dihydromyricetin on Hindgut Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles in Dairy Cows"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9873-3002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430208, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingnan","family":"Ao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430208, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenhui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430208, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tinxian","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dingfa","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430208, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430208, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pingmin","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430208, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3857-6019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430208, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73897-1","article-title":"Selection responses for clinical mastitis and protein yield in two norwegian dairy cattle selection experiments","volume":"86","author":"Heringstad","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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