{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T19:38:53Z","timestamp":1790451533516,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program","award":["101006873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101006873"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Simultaneous conversion of syngas and sugars is a promising approach to overcome limitations of syngas fermentation. Clostridium autoethanogenum LAbrini, obtained by adaptive laboratory evolution, is known to show improved autotrophic process performance. Under purely autotrophic conditions, C. autoethanogenum LAbrini exhibits substantially faster growth and biomass formation compared to the wild-type in fully controlled, stirred-tank bioreactors with a continuous gas supply. In mixotrophic processes, the pre-culture strategy has a significant impact on the growth and metabolic activity of C. autoethanogenum LAbrini. C. autoethanogenum LAbrini can metabolize sugars (D-fructose, D-xylose, or L-arabinose) and CO simultaneously. All mixotrophic batch processes showed increased growth and product formation compared to the autotrophic process. The mixotrophic batch process with D-fructose enabled superior production of alcohols (10.7 g L\u22121 ethanol and 3.2 g L\u22121 D-2,3-butanediol) with a heterotrophic pre-culture. Using an autotrophic pre-culture and L-arabinose resulted in a total alcohol formation of more than 13 g L\u22121. The formation of meso-2,3-butanediol (&gt;0.50 g L\u22121) occurred exclusively under mixotrophic conditions. Thus, C. autoethanogenum LAbrini, clearly representing notable improvements over the wild-type strain in mixotrophic batch processes, offers a good basis for further strain improvements to shift the product range even further towards more reduced products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14010175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T11:42:58Z","timestamp":1768304578000},"page":"175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Autotrophic and Mixotrophic Batch Processes with Clostridium\u00a0autoethanogenum LAbrini in Stirred Tank Bioreactors with Continuous Gassing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8960-1853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Oppelt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Bolzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran Yen Nhi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Bolzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaodan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Bolzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1171-4194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Weuster-Botz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Bolzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2013.827747","article-title":"Bacterial synthesis gas (syngas) fermentation","volume":"34","author":"Bengelsdorf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. 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