{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:21:12Z","timestamp":1787163672758,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"United Animal Health Inc."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009169","name":"Assiut University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009169","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Probiotics represent a beneficial approach to boost the welfare, health, and meat quality of poultry. One hundred and twenty one-day-old male Muscovy ducklings were divided among 24 floor pens (five ducklings per pen). The pens were randomly distributed among one of four dietary treatments with six replicates (G-C) without any supplementation of probiotics; (G-A) was supplemented with 0.4 g\/kg of Amnil\u00ae; (G-M) was supplemented with 0.5 g\/kg of M-Mobilize\u00ae; and (G-A-M) was supplemented with 0.4 g\/kg of Amnil\u00ae (1\u201330 day) and 0.5 g\/kg of M-Mobilize\u00ae (31\u201360 day), respectively. The results indicated that BW at day 60 was improved in (G-A) birds compared with (G-C) ones, IL-6 was decreased in (G-A) and (G-A-M) in liver and spleen in comparison with (G-C) (p &lt; 0.05), but no differences were observed between (G-C) and (G-M) (p &gt; 0.05); IL-10 was decreased in all the probiotic-fed ducklings compared with (G-C) birds in the spleen (p &lt; 0.05), and IL-10 was decreased in the (G-A) birds compared with the other treatments in the liver (p &lt; 0.05). Probiotic-fed birds showed a higher enumeration of Lactobacillus spp. compared to (G-C) group (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, the (G-M) group showed improved breast meat flavor, general acceptability, and water-holding capacity (WHC%) compared to (G-C) group (p &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that the probiotic supplement (G-A), could be a good management tool for improving Muscovy ducks\u2019 health and production and further research is needed to improve meat quality traits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14010182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T11:01:14Z","timestamp":1768388474000},"page":"182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Probiotics on Cecal Microbial Ecology, Immune Response, and Meat Quality of Muscovy Ducks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavior and Management of Animals, Poultry and Aquatics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Negm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6883-4325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadim","family":"Amarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poultry Business Unit Director EMEA and APAC, United Animal Health Inc., Sheridan, IN 46069, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherief","family":"Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene Safety and Technology \u201cMeat Hygiene\u201d, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Life Inc., Cairo 4451801, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7205-8226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hussam","family":"Askar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaymaa","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa Adel","family":"Rayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Opazo, R., Salinas, C., and Villasante, A. 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