{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:53:51Z","timestamp":1789178031441,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2024YFA09185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFA09185"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Province Science Foundation for Youths","award":["ZR2024QC312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024QC312"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31770132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31770132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Major Science and Technology Special Plan of Yunnan Province","award":["202402AA310011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202402AA310011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biofilm formation represents a key survival strategy employed by Vibrio cholerae to adapt to the complex intestinal environment of the host. While most previous studies on V. cholerae biofilms have focused on genetic regulation and monospecies cultures, its ability to form dual-species biofilms with other intestinal pathogens is still poorly understood. In this study, using samples from both cholera patients and healthy individuals, Fusobacterium nucleatum was identified as a bacterium capable of co-aggregating with V. cholerae. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that F. nucleatum-derived metabolites, specifically 6-hypoxanthine, enhance biofilm formation in V. cholerae. Further validation confirmed that these F. nucleatum-derived metabolites upregulate the biofilm-associated regulatory gene vpsT. In an adult mouse model, co-infection with F. nucleatum and V. cholerae significantly enhanced the intestinal adaptability of V. cholerae compared to infection with V. cholerae alone. Together, these findings elucidate the mechanism enabling the co-infection of F. nucleatum and V. cholerae in the host intestine, thereby shedding new light on how other pathogenic bacteria can assist in V. cholerae infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14010211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T08:23:56Z","timestamp":1768811036000},"page":"211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fusobacterium nucleatum Enhances Intestinal Adaptation of Vibrio cholerae via Interspecies Biofilm Formation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6725-7335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guozhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiamin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8695-9276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin, Z., Yang, X., Chen, G., Park, C., and Liu, Z. 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