{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:46:31Z","timestamp":1789472791342,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Henan Province Natural Science Foundation Project","award":["252300423631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252300423631"]}]},{"name":"Project of Key Scientific Research of Universities in Henan Province","award":["25B416003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25B416003"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China for Cultivation Fund of Nanyang Normal University","award":["2025PY005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025PY005"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China for Cultivation Fund of Nanyang Normal University","award":["2025PY031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025PY031"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a cost-effective, abundant, and renewable carbon source, but its utilization technologies face several issues. The reductive glycine pathway (RGP) is recognized as one of the most efficient one-carbon (C1) assimilation routes in nature, with its core component\u2014the glycine cleavage system (GCS: GcvP, GcvH, GcvT, and GcvL)\u2014playing an essential role in C1 metabolism. To develop efficient CO2 conversion and utilization pathways, we identified NhFtfL and AmFchA-MtdA with high catalytic efficiency through gene mining and constructed a four-plasmid co-expression system in E. coli BL21(DE3) using Gibson Assembly. This system integrated GcvP-GcvH, GcvT-GcvL, NhFtfL-AmFchA-MtdA, and RsPPK2, thereby reconstituting the complete RGP while enhancing ATP supply. The engineered strain functioned as an efficient whole-cell biocatalyst, achieving a glycine space\u2013time productivity of 0.125 mmol\/L\/h via one-pot conversion of formate. Furthermore, we expanded the application scope by developing a whole-cell electrocatalysis system that directly synthesized glycine from CO2 and NH4Cl, achieving a glycine space\u2013time productivity of 0.135 mmol\/L\/h. This study demonstrates the potential of the engineered RGP system for upgrading C1 resources and supports the transition toward carbon neutrality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14010236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T09:24:34Z","timestamp":1768901074000},"page":"236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Biosynthesis of Glycine from One-Carbon Resources Using an Engineered Escherichia coli Whole-Cell Catalyst"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Muran","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology, College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang 473061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongling","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology, College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang 473061, China"},{"name":"School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology, College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang 473061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology, College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang 473061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology, College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang 473061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology, College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang 473061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunchao","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology, College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang 473061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuang","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lunguang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology, College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang 473061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0352-0805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cunduo","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology, College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang 473061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202425508","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202425508","article-title":"Enhanced Azo Dye Removal through Sequential Ultrasound-Assisted-Treatment and Photocatalysis Using CdZnS","volume":"64","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. 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