{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:41:59Z","timestamp":1788586919334,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to explore characteristics and clinical predictors of Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and non-LGV Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) serovars. We conducted a retrospective study on men who have sex with men (MSM) diagnosed with rectal or urethral Ct between 2015 and 2022 at the Infectious Diseases Unit of San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Nucleic acid amplification test with sequencing was used for Ct serovar determination. Individuals\u2019 characteristics were described by median (interquartile, IQR) or frequency (%) and compared using Kruskal\u2013Wallis or Chi-Square tests, as appropriate. Logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of LGV; multinomial logistic regression model, with LGV group as reference category, investigated factors associated with the LGV group (serovars L1, L2B, L2C), specific highly prevalent non-LGV serovars (D, E, G) or the non-amplifiable group. Overall, 211 MSM were included: 29.8% with LGV, 50.2% non-LGV and 19.9% non-amplifiable. Symptomatic cases were 46% of which 48% LGV; rectal infection was the most common (86%), followed by urethral (10%) and both sites (4%). People living with HIV were 91.5%; 31.3% had \u22651 concomitant STI and 65.4% \u22651 previous one. According to logistic regression analysis, after adjustment for the diagnosis of \u22651 concomitant and previous STI, LGV serovars were significantly associated with symptomatic infections (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 6.05; 95%CI = 2.92, 13.13; p &lt; 0.001) and anorectal site (aOR = 17.12; 95%CI = 3.17\u2013319.17, p = 0.007) compared to non-LGV. Among MSM, almost 30% of Ct infections were due to LGV serovars. Presence of symptoms and anorectal site involvement, identified as clinical predictors of LGV, should guide clinicians during diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14020262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T13:55:34Z","timestamp":1769176534000},"page":"262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characteristics and Clinical Predictors of Chlamydia trachomatis Infections Sustained by LGV Serovars Among Men Who Have Sex with Men"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8251-6963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Siribelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7811-6255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo Roberto","family":"Raccagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2559-7042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Diotallevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2447-6498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Lolatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Alberton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Sampaolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1822-9861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Clementi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Burioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Castagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2673-2731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Nozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2026, January 20). 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