{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T07:45:52Z","timestamp":1789976752537,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U1903206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1903206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Guided Science and Technology Program of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","award":["2024ZD078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZD078"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific Research and Innovation Project for Postgraduates of Tarim University","award":["TDGRI2024022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDGRI2024022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacillus atrophaeus has considerable potential for development as a microbial pesticide. Optimization of fermentation conditions and the wettable powder (WP) formulation is critical for its industrialization and application in sustainable agriculture. In this study, the fermentation of B. atrophaeus YL84 was optimized using single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. Based on these results, a WP formulation was developed and further optimized. The optimal carbon, nitrogen, and inorganic salt sources were sucrose (13.9 g\u00b7L\u22121), tryptone (11.8 g\u00b7L\u22121), and MgSO4 (5.9 g\u00b7L\u22121), respectively; optimal fermentation conditions were pH 7.0, 32 \u00b0C, and 210 r\u00b7min\u22121. After optimization, the inhibition rate and OD600 reached 83.71% and 1.758, respectively. The optimized formulation comprised attapulgite-based powder (79%, as carrier), sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate (5.4%) as a wetting agent, PEG-6000 (12.6%), CaCO3 (2%), and vitamin C (1%). The resulting WP exhibited a spore viability of 2.63 \u00d7 109 CFU\u00b7g\u22121, and its 50-fold dilution demonstrated antagonistic activity in vitro against Cytospora pyri (Korla pear valsa canker agent) and biocontrol efficacy in vivo on detached-branch assays. These findings demonstrate that the YL84 WP is a promising candidate for the biological control of Korla pear valsa canker.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14020331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T14:35:46Z","timestamp":1769783746000},"page":"331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fermentation Conditions and Wettable Powder Formulation of Biocontrol Agent Bacillus atrophaeus YL84 in Control of Pear Valsa Canker"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Tarim University, 705 Hongqiao South Road, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficiency Cultivation and Deep Processing of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Tarim University, 705 Hongqiao South Road, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficiency Cultivation and Deep Processing of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Tarim University, 705 Hongqiao South Road, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficiency Cultivation and Deep Processing of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Tarim University, 705 Hongqiao South Road, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficiency Cultivation and Deep Processing of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinyuan","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Tarim University, 705 Hongqiao South Road, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficiency Cultivation and Deep Processing of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Tarim University, 705 Hongqiao South Road, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficiency Cultivation and Deep Processing of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Tarim University, 705 Hongqiao South Road, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficiency Cultivation and Deep Processing of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongzu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Tarim University, 705 Hongqiao South Road, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficiency Cultivation and Deep Processing of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Tarim University, 705 Hongqiao South Road, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficiency Cultivation and Deep Processing of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, 1490 East Tarim Avenue, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships and morphology of Cytospora species and related teleomorphs (Ascomycota, Diaporthales, Valsaceae) from Eucalyptus","volume":"52","author":"Adams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stud. 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