{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:56:35Z","timestamp":1787028995609,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005273","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202401AU070227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401AU070227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025M772579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025M772579"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Probiotic strains exhibiting bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity represent a promising therapeutic strategy for ameliorating metabolic disorders via targeting the gut\u2013liver axis. Herein, we characterized a newly isolated human-derived Enterococcus strain and investigated its therapeutic potential. Genomic analysis confirmed its safety profile, while in vitro assays demonstrated potent BSH activity. Subsequently, C57BL\/6J mice fed a high-cholesterol diet were orally administered this strain over an eight-week intervention period. Although the treatment did not significantly reduce serum cholesterol levels, a marked reduction in hepatic lipid droplet accumulation was confirmed by H&amp;E and Oil Red O staining. Mechanistically, the strain\u2019s potent BSH activity likely modulates bile acid metabolism within the gut\u2013liver axis, thereby specifically inhibiting hepatic lipid deposition. Comprehensive histopathological examination of major organs revealed no signs of toxicity, affirming its excellent in vivo safety profile. In summary, E. lactis IOBRA9746 constitutes a safe and BSH-active probiotic candidate, whose primary beneficial effect lies in directly alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation independent of systemic cholesterol modulation. These findings highlight its potential as a novel liver-targeted intervention for preventing metabolic diseases induced by suboptimal dietary patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14020381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T15:24:19Z","timestamp":1770305059000},"page":"381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genomic\u00a0Characterization, Safety Assessment, and Probiotic Potential of a Novel Human-Derived Enterococcus lactis IOBRA9746"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dongxiong","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9980-6548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lirong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8091-1653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinmiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8","article-title":"Health Effects of Dietary Risks in 195 Countries, 1990\u20132017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"393","author":"Afshin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34275","article-title":"Contribution of de Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis to Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance: Lessons from Genetically Engineered Mice","volume":"118","author":"Postic","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0011-z","article-title":"The Gut\u2013Liver Axis and the Intersection with the Microbiome","volume":"15","author":"Tripathi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05414","article-title":"An Obesity-Associated Gut Microbiome with Increased Capacity for Energy Harvest","volume":"444","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoo, J., and Kim, S. (2016). Probiotics and Prebiotics: Present Status and Future Perspectives on Metabolic Disorders. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8030173"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511004703","article-title":"Cholesterol-Lowering Efficacy of a Microencapsulated Bile Salt Hydrolase-Active Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242 Yoghurt Formulation in Hypercholesterolaemic Adults","volume":"107","author":"Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsre.2004.09.003","article-title":"The Interaction between Bacteria and Bile","volume":"29","author":"Begley","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.014","article-title":"Enterococci as Probiotics and Their Implications in Food Safety","volume":"151","author":"Franz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanchi, H., Mottawea, W., Sebei, K., and Hammami, R. (2018). The Genus Enterococcus: Between Probiotic Potential and Safety Concerns\u2014An Update. Front. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01791"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.030825-0","article-title":"Enterococcus lactis sp. nov., from Italian Raw Milk Cheeses","volume":"62","author":"Morandi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, N.A., Khattab, R.A., Ragab, Y.M., and Hassan, M. (2023). Safety Assessment of Enterococcus lactis Strains Complemented with Comparative Genomics Analysis Reveals Probiotic and Safety Characteristics of the Entire Species. BMC Genom., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-023-09749-9"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105380","article-title":"Safety Assessment and Probiotic Characteristics of Enterococcus lactis JDM1","volume":"163","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001755","article-title":"Introducing EzBioCloud: A Taxonomically United Database of 16S rRNA Gene Sequences and Whole-Genome Assemblies","volume":"67","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.186072.114","article-title":"CheckM: Assessing the Quality of Microbial Genomes Recovered from Isolates, Single Cells, and Metagenomes","volume":"25","author":"Parks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt086","article-title":"QUAST: Quality Assessment Tool for Genome Assemblies","volume":"29","author":"Gurevich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","article-title":"Prokka: Rapid Prokaryotic Genome Annotation","volume":"30","author":"Seemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5825","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab293","article-title":"eggNOG-Mapper v2: Functional Annotation, Orthology Assignments, and Domain Prediction at the Metagenomic Scale","volume":"38","author":"Cantalapiedra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","article-title":"Gene Ontology: Tool for the Unification of Biology","volume":"25","author":"Ashburner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D587","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac963","article-title":"KEGG for Taxonomy-Based Analysis of Pathways and Genomes","volume":"51","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.33","article-title":"The COG Database: A Tool for Genome-Scale Analysis of Protein Functions and Evolution","volume":"28","author":"Tatusov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D871","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae968","article-title":"VFDB 2025: An Integrated Resource for Exploring Anti-Virulence Compounds","volume":"53","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D826","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1084","article-title":"PHI-Base\u2013The Multi-Species Pathogen\u2013Host Interaction Database in 2025","volume":"53","author":"Urban","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D690","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac920","article-title":"CARD 2023: Expanded Curation, Support for Machine Learning, and Resistome Prediction at the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database","volume":"51","author":"Alcock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa345","article-title":"ResFinder 4.0 for Predictions of Phenotypes from Genotypes","volume":"75","author":"Bortolaia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D32","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkj014","article-title":"Isfinder: The Reference Centre for Bacterial Insertion Sequences","volume":"34","author":"Siguier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W30","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx343","article-title":"IslandViewer 4: Expanded Prediction of Genomic Islands for Larger-Scale Datasets","volume":"45","author":"Bertelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","article-title":"MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms","volume":"35","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz848","article-title":"GTDB-Tk: A Toolkit to Classify Genomes with the Genome Taxonomy Database","volume":"36","author":"Chaumeil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010","article-title":"MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp348","article-title":"trimAl: A Tool for Automated Alignment Trimming in Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analyses","volume":"25","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu300","article-title":"IQ-TREE: A Fast and Effective Stochastic Algorithm for Estimating Maximum-Likelihood Phylogenies","volume":"32","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W293","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab301","article-title":"Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) v5: An Online Tool for Phylogenetic Tree Display and Annotation","volume":"49","author":"Letunic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi, N., Zhan, X., Milmine, J., Sahar, M., Chang, K.-H., and Li, J. (2023). Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Hydrolase-Producing Probiotic Bacillus licheniformis and Its Application in the Fermentation of Soybean Meal. Front. Nutr., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1123422"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2023.103248","article-title":"Deciphering the Probiotic Properties and Safety Assessment of a Novel Multi-Stress-Tolerant Aromatic Yeast Pichia kudriavzevii HJ2 from Marine Mangroves","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103677","article-title":"Inhibition of Escherichia coli Adhesion to Human Intestinal Caco-2 cells by Probiotic Candidate Lactobacillus plantarum Strain L15","volume":"136","author":"Noshad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-63.9.1214","article-title":"Viability and \u03b2-Galactosidase Activity of Dairy Propionibacteria Subjected to Digestion by Artificial Gastric and Intestinal Fluids","volume":"63","author":"Chaia","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aoas.2016.03.001","article-title":"Screening of Isolated Potential Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria for Cholesterol Lowering Property and Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity","volume":"61","author":"Shehata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fnad118","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnad118","article-title":"Enterococcus faecium R-026 Combined with Bacillus subtilis R-179 Alleviate Hypercholesterolemia and Modulate the Gut Microbiota in C57BL\/6 Mice","volume":"370","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.002516","article-title":"Proposed Minimal Standards for the Use of Genome Data for the Taxonomy of Prokaryotes","volume":"68","author":"Chun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, J., Shen, T., Zhang, Y., Ma, X., Xu, S., Awad, S., Du, M., and Zhong, Z. (2023). Safety Assessment of Enterococcus lactis Based on Comparative Genomics and Phenotypic Analysis. Front. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1196558"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1086\/523341","article-title":"Probiotics: Definition, Sources, Selection, and Uses","volume":"46","author":"Sanders","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"004948","article-title":"Genome-Based Studies Indicate That the Enterococcus faecium Clade B Strains Belong to Enterococcus lactis Species and Lack of the Hospital Infection Associated Markers","volume":"71","author":"Cortimiglia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duszka, K. (2022). Versatile Triad Alliance: Bile Acid, Taurine and Microbiota. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152337"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.048","article-title":"Microbiota-Modulated Metabolites Shape the Intestinal Microenvironment by Regulating NLRP6 Inflammasome Signaling","volume":"163","author":"Levy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-016-2219-y","article-title":"Effects of Taurine on Gut Microbiota and Metabolism in Mice","volume":"48","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.5.2016-2021.1997","article-title":"Taurine Reduction in Anaerobic Respiration of Bilophila wadsworthia RZATAU","volume":"63","author":"Laue","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1815661116","article-title":"A Glycyl Radical Enzyme Enables Hydrogen Sulfide Production by the Human Intestinal Bacterium Bilophila wadsworthia","volume":"116","author":"Peck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-05-0126","article-title":"Evidence That Hydrogen Sulfide Is a Genotoxic Agent","volume":"4","author":"Wagner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-06-0439","article-title":"Hydrogen Sulfide Induces Direct Radical-Associated DNA Damage","volume":"5","author":"Wagner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20546","article-title":"DNA Damage and Toxicogenomic Analyses of Hydrogen Sulfide in Human Intestinal Epithelial FHs 74 Int Cells","volume":"51","author":"Nava","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.1.64","article-title":"The Contribution of Sulphate Reducing Bacteria and 5-Aminosalicylic Acid to Faecal Sulphide in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"46","author":"Pitcher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"4693513","article-title":"Preliminary in Vitro Evaluation of the Probiotic Potential of the Bacteriocinogenic Strain Enterococcus lactis PMD74 Isolated from Ezine Cheese","volume":"2019","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Qual."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.3109\/07388551.2014.889077","article-title":"Probiotics and the BSH-Related Cholesterol Lowering Mechanism: A Jekyll and Hyde Scenario","volume":"35","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11870","article-title":"Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Cholesterol-Lowering Strain of Enterococcus faecium WEFA23 from Infants on Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats","volume":"100","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-022-00167-x","article-title":"Regulation of Viable\/Inactivated\/Lysed Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum H6 on Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolites in Hypercholesterolemic Mice","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Sci. Food"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c05709","article-title":"Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis F1-7 Alleviates Lipid Accumulation in Atherosclerotic Mice via Modulating Bile Acid Metabolites to Downregulate Intestinal FXR","volume":"72","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9250305","DOI":"10.26599\/FSHW.2024.9250305","article-title":"Mechanism of Pediococcus pentosaceus PP04 in Alleviating High-Fat Diet Caused Hyperlipidemia via Modulation of Intestinal Flora and It\u2019s Metabolites","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Wellness"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-025-04496-9","article-title":"Pediococcus pentosaceus Strain SPARC2 as a Potential Probiotic Food Supplement: Genomic Insight, Probiotic Potential, and Biosafety Profiling in BALB\/c Mice","volume":"207","author":"Butt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-007-0632-x","article-title":"Adhesion and Aggregation Properties of Probiotic and Pathogen Strains","volume":"226","author":"Collado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cozzolino, A., Vergalito, F., Tremonte, P., Iorizzo, M., Lombardi, S.J., Sorrentino, E., Luongo, D., Coppola, R., Di Marco, R., and Succi, M. (2020). Preliminary Evaluation of the Safety and Probiotic Potential of Akkermansia muciniphila DSM 22959 in Comparison with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8020189"},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"1048","article-title":"Characterization of Adhesion, Anti-Adhesion, Co-Aggregation, and Hydrophobicity of Helicobacter Pylori and Probiotic Strains","volume":"18","author":"Juntarachot","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Taibah Univ. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karbowiak, M., Ga\u0142ek, M., Szyd\u0142owska, A., and Zieli\u0144ska, D. (2022). The Influence of the Degree of Thermal Inactivation of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Postbiotics on Aggregation and Adhesion Inhibition of Selected Pathogens. Pathogens, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11111260"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-019-9518-z","article-title":"Probiotic Potential, Antioxidant Activity, and Phytase Production of Indigenous Yeasts Isolated from Indigenous Fermented Foods","volume":"12","author":"Menezes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., Wang, J., Li, H., Liu, X., and Liu, X. (2024). Investigating the Interactive Adhesion Ability between Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM17938 and HT-29 Cells Regulated by Soybean Proteins and Soybean Peptides. Food Sci. Hum. Wellness.","DOI":"10.26599\/FSHW.2024.9250428"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/14\/2\/381\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T15:39:01Z","timestamp":1770305941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/14\/2\/381"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms14020381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms14020381","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]}}}