{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T23:13:11Z","timestamp":1783638791703,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TCVGH-1155101C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-1155101C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TCVGH-1155101D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-1155101D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 114-2314-B-075A-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2314-B-075A-010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) caused by Leclercia adecarboxylata are uncommon, and polymicrobial cases are even rarer. We report the first documented case caused by co-infection with Leclercia adecarboxylata and Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) in a woman with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy through an indwelling chemoport. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that both isolates were susceptible to \u03b2-lactams, quinolones, and aminoglycosides. The patient achieved complete clinical recovery following intravenous ciprofloxacin therapy and prompt removal of the chemoport. This case highlights the emerging clinical relevance of Leclercia adecarboxylata and Enterobacter cloacae complex as potential pathogens capable of causing polymicrobial bloodstream infections in immunocompromised hosts and underscores the importance of considering rare environmental Gram-negative organisms as potential causes of catheter-related infections, particularly in patients with malignancy or long-term vascular access.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14020402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T10:45:31Z","timestamp":1770633931000},"page":"402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection with Leclercia adecarboxylata and Enterobacter cloacae Complex Co-Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0952-5057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po-Hsiu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8006-4917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po-Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8697-1047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsien-Po","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5151.134184","article-title":"Catheter-related bloodstream infections","volume":"4","author":"Gahlot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. 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Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e247496","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-247496","article-title":"Leclercia adecarboxylata catheter-related bacteraemia in an immunocompromised patient","volume":"15","author":"Harper","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2023052","DOI":"10.4084\/MJHID.2023.052","article-title":"A Rare Case of Multidrug-resistant Leclercia adecarboxylata Catheter-related Bloodstream Infection and an Updated Brief Literature Review","volume":"15","author":"Colangelo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mediterr. J. Hematol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"01","article-title":"Leclercia adecarboxylata: An Emerging Multidrug Resistant Pathogen Causing Catheter Related Bacteremia with Review of Literature","volume":"22","author":"Sardana","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dent. Med. 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