{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T09:01:52Z","timestamp":1770800512608,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Czech Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25-17301S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-17301S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Youths and Sport of the Czech Republic","award":["LUC23151 INTER-COST"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LUC23151 INTER-COST"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023859","name":"Canadian Lyme Disease Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["18-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023859","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lyme disease is by far the most common arthropod-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere. It is caused by certain Borrelia species that are primarily transmitted to hosts by Ixodid ticks; however, transplacental transmission of the spirochete in both animals and humans has been reported. Here, we report imaging of intact spirochetes in an archived placental tissue sample that is immunoreactive to Borrelia antibodies and from which Borrelia DNA was isolated. Both mother and child showed evidence of seroreactivity to Borrelia spp. in the years following the child\u2019s birth, although neither individual tested positive by the conventional two-tiered serological algorithm. Cultivation of viable spirochetes from a vaginal swab of the mother and from the urine of the child some years later supports the possibility of vector-free transmission of Borrelia from mother to child. By amplifying several genomic loci from the DNA of cultured and non-cultured Borrelia from blood and body fluid samples of the mother and child, the Borrelia in both were identified as the same species, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, a strain specific to North America.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14020406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T10:45:31Z","timestamp":1770633931000},"page":"406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advanced Molecular and Microscopic Diagnostics Suggest Congenital Borrelia Transmission: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9986-7154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynne T.","family":"Bemis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Duluth Campus, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1219-2842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryna","family":"Golovchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marna E.","family":"Ericson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3902-5873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Hasibul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Mount Alison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vett","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Mount Alison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0506-2249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Rudenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7043737","article-title":"Lyme disease-a tick-borne spirochetosis?","volume":"216","author":"Burgdorfer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01644963","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis: Ten years after discovery of the etiologic agent, Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"19","author":"Burgdorfer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198908313210906","article-title":"Lyme disease","volume":"321","author":"Steere","year":"1989","journal-title":"N. 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