{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T11:46:41Z","timestamp":1783079201788,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We report a rare case of polymicrobial late-onset knee prosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by Parvimonas micra and Staphylococcus aureus. An 80-year-old woman with multiple comorbidities presented, five years after total knee arthroplasty, with progressive pain and radiographic signs of prosthetic loosening. Synovial fluid analysis revealed marked neutrophilic inflammation, and intraoperative tissue cultures, including sonication fluid yielded both pathogens. Identification was confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The P. micra strain showed 97.2% identity to reference strain SAMN29629855, and carried virulence genes such as groEL, tufA, clpP, ctrD, srtC4, and gaIE, associated with oxidative stress response, adhesion, immune evasion, and biofilm formation. Resistance genes vanW, vanT, and vanY from the van operon were also detected, though vanA and vanB were absent. The patient underwent a two-stage revision surgery and a 12-week course of pathogen-targeted antimicrobial therapy, with complete resolution of symptoms and no recurrence after 12 months. This case highlights the overlooked pathogenicity of P. micra in chronic PJIs, especially in polymicrobial biofilm-related infections. The integration of WGS provided valuable insights into possible genetic characteristics of virulence determinants of this rare cause of PJI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14020413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T12:07:06Z","timestamp":1770725226000},"page":"413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Polymicrobial Late-Onset Knee Prosthetic Joint Infection Involving Parvimonas micra: A Case Report and Genomic Characterization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5443-6024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro Jose","family":"Salles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Especial de Microbiologia Cl\u00ednica (LEMC), Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014UNIFESP, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP 04025-010, Brazil"},{"name":"Musculoskeletal Infection Group, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo CEP 04023-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Disciplina de Infectologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP 01224-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5686-7936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Litardi","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Infection Group, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo CEP 04023-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8130-7926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00cdcaro Santos","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Infection Group, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo CEP 04023-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Disciplina de Infectologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP 01224-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiano Nunes","family":"Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real e Benem\u00e9rita Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Benefic\u00eancia SP, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP 01323-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaela Carvalho","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Grupo Fleury, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP 04344-070, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Cappellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Grupo Fleury, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP 04344-070, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 M\u00e1rio","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP 05652-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel Bandeira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas (HUCM), Belo Horizonte CEP 30140-073, Brazil"},{"name":"Directorate of Teaching and Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas de Minas Gerais (FCCMG), Belo Horizonte CEP 30120-016, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2203477","article-title":"Periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"388","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. 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