{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T07:59:41Z","timestamp":1771919981064,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The World Academy of Sciences","award":["22-291 RG\/BIO\/AF\/AC_G FR 3240325161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-291 RG\/BIO\/AF\/AC_G FR 3240325161"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Salmonella is a major bacterial pathogen in low-income countries, where it circulates among humans, animals, and the environment. Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are particularly vulnerable to severe Salmonella infections. This study aimed to characterize Salmonella isolates causing infections in Senegalese children with SCD. Using antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis, we investigated antibiotic resistance, serovar diversity, and virulence factors on 23 isolates from SCD patients with diverse clinical infections. The isolates belonged to 12 serovars, with Enteritidis predominating (n = 7). Twenty-two isolates were fully susceptible to antibiotics, while one was multidrug-resistant. Eight isolates (Enteritidis and Typhimurium) carried a virulence plasmid harboring the spvRABCD gene cluster. Core Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs-1 to -5, -11, and -13), as well as SPI-10 and SPI-23, were detected in all isolates, whereas other SPIs were variably present. These results show high serovar diversity and low antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolates in children with SCD in Dakar, Senegal. Our findings suggest that strains causing diarrhea in healthy individuals may also cause invasive disease in SCD patients, highlighting the need for dedicated surveillance in this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14020506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T11:39:10Z","timestamp":1771846750000},"page":"506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic Characterization of Salmonella Isolates Causing Infections in Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Dakar, Senegal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Amadou","family":"Diop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier National d\u2019Enfants Albert Royer, Dakar BP 25755, Senegal"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie-Virologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, de Pharmacie et d\u2019Odontologie-Stomatologie, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arfang","family":"Diamanka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biologie V\u00e9g\u00e9tale, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adja Bousso","family":"Gu\u00e8ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ba\u00efdy","family":"Di\u00e8ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier National d\u2019Enfants Albert Royer, Dakar BP 25755, Senegal"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie-Virologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, de Pharmacie et d\u2019Odontologie-Stomatologie, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"El Hadji Aly","family":"Niang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ousmane","family":"Sadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2191-3397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mouhamadou Abdoulaye","family":"Sonko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier National d\u2019Enfants Albert Royer, Dakar BP 25755, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A\u00efssatou Ahmet","family":"Niang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie-Virologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, de Pharmacie et d\u2019Odontologie-Stomatologie, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier National Universitaire de Fann, Dakar BP 5035, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Momar","family":"Ndao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical and Translational Research, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Dewar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada"},{"name":"McGill Centre for Microbiome Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5405-2824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheikh","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Paillier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalto University Startup Center, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2461-6558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yakhya","family":"Di\u00e8ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"},{"name":"Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliqu\u00e9es & Bioproc\u00e9d\u00e9s Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), \u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure Polytechnique, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2019.504-521","article-title":"A review of Salmonella enterica with particular focus on the pathogenicity and virulence factors, host specificity and adaptation and antimicrobial resistance including multidrug resistance","volume":"12","author":"Jajere","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans, A.S., and Brachman, P.S. 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