{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:51:09Z","timestamp":1789689069930,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tebipenem is a new carbapenem antibiotic that binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Given the need for effective antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, this review evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of tebipenem against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, focusing on uropathogens. Five resources (Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed) were used to identify relevant articles. Of the 1322 articles identified, 9 relevant studies were included, which evaluated 12,501 Gram-negative and 122 Gram-positive pathogens. All nine studies (100%) assessed the activity of tebipenem against Escherichia coli, with an MIC90 value range of 0.015\u2013&gt;4 mg\/L. Seven studies (77.8%) included Klebsiella pneumoniae, with an MIC90 value range of 0.015\u20130.5 mg\/L. Six studies (66.7%) reported data on Proteus mirabilis, with an MIC90 value range of \u22640.125\u20130.5 mg\/L. Two studies (22.2%) evaluated the activity of tebipenem against Enterococcus faecalis, with MIC90 of 1 mg\/L among vancomycin-susceptible isolates and 32 mg\/L in isolates with not-reported mechanisms of resistance. Two studies (22.2%) evaluated the activity of tebipenem against Enterococcus faecium, with MIC90 of &gt;4 mg\/L among both vancomycin-susceptible and vancomycin-resistant isolates and MIC90 of 128 mg\/L among isolates with no resistance mechanism reported. Tebipenem demonstrated good activity against Enterobacterales, such as E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The antimicrobial agent exhibited higher MICs and a higher proportion of resistance among P. mirabilis isolates. Tebipenem could be effective for outpatient treatment of infections caused by MDR Gram-negative pathogens. However, given its potential to exert selective pressure for the development of antimicrobial resistance, it should be considered for patients with cUTIs when none of the first-line treatment options demonstrate in vitro antimicrobial activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14030726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T16:40:20Z","timestamp":1774284020000},"page":"726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Resistance of Uropathogens to Tebipenem: An Analysis of the Evidence from In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Falagas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 15123 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7571-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina-Maria","family":"Asimotou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 15123 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios S.","family":"Kontogiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 15123 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura T.","family":"Romanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 15123 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9013-8250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiota","family":"Poziou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 15123 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1206-6202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iva D.","family":"Tzvetanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, Q., Wang, J., Cui, T., Yang, Z., Su, M., Zhao, P., Yan, H., Zhan, Y., and Yang, H. 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