{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:56:55Z","timestamp":1787029015315,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32460043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32460043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32460043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32460043"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004479","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20242BAB25538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20242BAB25538"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004479","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, HIV persists in diverse tissue reservoirs that pose major barriers to a cure. This review examines the heterogeneous maintenance mechanisms of HIV reservoirs in lymph nodes, intestinal mucosa, and the central nervous system (CNS). It analyzes how distinct tissue microenvironments\u2014including immune-privileged niches, specialized cellular subsets, and local signaling networks\u2014govern viral persistence and latency. Lymph nodes function as a dynamic hub interconnected with systemic reservoirs; the intestinal mucosa represents a site shaped by barrier integrity, microbial translocation, and mucosal immunity; the CNS constitutes a compartmentalized sanctuary protected by the blood\u2013brain barrier. The review further discusses tissue-specific antiretroviral drug penetration and targeted clearance strategies, providing a foundation for developing multi-site intervention approaches toward HIV cure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14040844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T07:48:07Z","timestamp":1775720887000},"page":"844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["HIV Reservoirs Across Multiple Tissues: From Heterogeneous Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targeting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ya-Lan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gong-Wang","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin-Ying","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8980-7032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (1981). 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