{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T20:36:24Z","timestamp":1788294984813,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Laboratorio Reig Jofre"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/016apz495","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study assessed the impact of a topical phytocomplex on the acne skin microbiota, encompassing bacterial, fungal, and phage communities. Skin samples obtained from participants exhibiting a positive response to the treatment were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic approaches including taxonomic profiling, metagenome assembly, functional annotation, and phage identification. Results showed that after treatment, microbial diversity increased, reflecting a more balanced microbial composition. Cutibacterium acnes levels were reduced, particularly virulent IA1\/IA2 phylotypes, whereas non-pathogenic or unclassified strains increased. Opportunistic pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae were no longer detected, and beneficial genera including Psychrobacter and Dermabacter were enriched. Functional analysis showed reduced virulence- and biofilm-related pathways, alongside enhanced tryptophan metabolism, SCFA production, lipid synthesis, and riboflavin and folate biosynthesis. Fungal populations, dominated by Malassezia, became more evenly distributed, with notable post-treatment reductions in M. arunalokei, Exophiala spinifera, and Wickerhamomyces anomalus. Phage populations mirrored bacterial changes, with enrichment of Cutibacterium-associated phages post-treatment. These findings demonstrate that the phytocomplex promotes functional rebalancing of the skin microbiota by reducing pathogenic features while maintaining ecosystem stability. The inhibition of quorum sensing, potentially mediated by N-acyl-homoserine lactone acetylation, emerged from metabolic pathway annotation as a hypothetic key mechanism impairing bacterial communication and virulence associated with acne vulgaris.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14040915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T13:22:47Z","timestamp":1776691367000},"page":"915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Shotgun Metagenomic Characterization of Acne Microbiota Before and After Treatment with a Topical Biotechnological Phytocomplex: Understanding Skin Dysbiosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1179-7997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e0","family":"Cruells","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microomics Systems S.L., 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0357-9228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Eguren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Eguren S.L.P., 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9229-5376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aym\u00e9e","family":"Robainas Barcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Reig Jofre, 08970 Sant Joan Desp\u00ed, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Reig Jofre, 08970 Sant Joan Desp\u00ed, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Sharaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Reig Jofre, 08970 Sant Joan Desp\u00ed, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2662-2081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Reig Jofre, 08970 Sant Joan Desp\u00ed, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Baos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microomics Systems S.L., 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nerea","family":"Carr\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microomics Systems S.L., 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lola","family":"Bou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consulta de Dermatolog\u00eda, 08006 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montse","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Dermatol\u00f3gica de Moragas, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"De Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5504-1382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurora","family":"Guerra-Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consulta Dermat\u00f3loga Guerra, 28027 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Sutaria, A.H., Masood, S., Saleh, H.M., and Schlessinger, J. 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