{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T14:11:29Z","timestamp":1778767889894,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BRAINS"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Digestive candidiasis is a major opportunistic infection among people living with HIV (PLHIV). In Gabon, data on antifungal resistance remain limited. This study aimed to characterise Candida colonisation and antifungal resistance according to anatomical site and species in Libreville. In this cross-sectional study, 108 PLHIV provided paired oral and stool samples. Candida spp. was identified using conventional phenotypic methods. Antifungal susceptibility to azoles and polyenes was assessed by disc diffusion following CLSI guidelines. Resistance burden was classified by drug class and by cumulative number of antifungal agents involved. Digestive colonisation was detected in 97 (89.8%) participants. Oral and intestinal colonisation rates were 78.7% and 66.7%, respectively, with dual-site involvement in 55.6%. Among resistant isolates, Candida albicans accounted for 55.2% (oral) and 48.9% (intestinal), while non-albicans Candida represented 29.8% and 44.4%, respectively. Multidrug resistance was significantly higher in intestinal than oral isolates (36.2% vs. 11.8%; OR = 4.99; 95% CI: 2.04\u201312.16; p &lt; 0.01). Resistance was predominantly azole-driven, with complex cumulative resistance profiles in intestinal isolates. The intestinal tract showed resistance profiles consistent with a preferential accumulation of MDR Candida populations in PLHIV. Site-specific resistance patterns underscore the importance of targeted sampling and antifungal stewardship strategies in resource-limited settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14051111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T07:50:15Z","timestamp":1778745015000},"page":"1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antifungal Resistance Patterns of Oral and Intestinal Candida Isolates Among People Living with HIV in a Tertiary Hospital in Gabon: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1116-6125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geril","family":"Sekangue Obili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville BP 69, Congo"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale en Pathog\u00e8nes Infectieux et Pathologies Associ\u00e9es (CREIPA), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Owendo P.O. Box 18141, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bridy Chelsy","family":"Moutombi Ditombi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale en Pathog\u00e8nes Infectieux et Pathologies Associ\u00e9es (CREIPA), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Owendo P.O. Box 18141, Gabon"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Tropical Medicine, Universit\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Owendo P.O. Box 18141, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlene Manomba","family":"Boulingui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale en Pathog\u00e8nes Infectieux et Pathologies Associ\u00e9es (CREIPA), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Owendo P.O. Box 18141, Gabon"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Libreville University Hospital Centre, Libreville P.O. Box 10736, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger Hadry","family":"Sibi Matotou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale en Pathog\u00e8nes Infectieux et Pathologies Associ\u00e9es (CREIPA), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Owendo P.O. Box 18141, Gabon"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Tropical Medicine, Universit\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Owendo P.O. Box 18141, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joyce Co\u00eblla","family":"Mihindou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale en Pathog\u00e8nes Infectieux et Pathologies Associ\u00e9es (CREIPA), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Owendo P.O. Box 18141, Gabon"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Tropical Medicine, Universit\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Owendo P.O. Box 18141, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Mabicka Moussavou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale en Pathog\u00e8nes Infectieux et Pathologies Associ\u00e9es (CREIPA), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Owendo P.O. Box 18141, Gabon"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Tropical Medicine, Universit\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Owendo P.O. Box 18141, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise Patricia Mawili","family":"Mboumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale en Pathog\u00e8nes Infectieux et Pathologies Associ\u00e9es (CREIPA), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Owendo P.O. Box 18141, Gabon"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Tropical Medicine, Universit\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Owendo P.O. Box 18141, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7992-4630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marielle Karine","family":"Bouyou-Akotet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale en Pathog\u00e8nes Infectieux et Pathologies Associ\u00e9es (CREIPA), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Owendo P.O. Box 18141, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024). Global HIV & AIDS Statistics\u20142024 Fact Sheet, WHO."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"40","article-title":"Candidiasis of the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"3","author":"Kozlova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eksp. Klin. 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