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Due to the implementation of an anti-resistance policy, probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics have attracted widespread attention. In this study, the widely used probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) was selected to study its protective effect on mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Two mice groups (n = 15) were treated with either EcN and PBS. Flow cytometry showed that the frequency of mature dendritic cells in the Peyer\u2019s patch was significantly increased compared to the PBS group. Previous administration of EcN protected against challenge with Salmonella typhimurium infection as an increased survival rate of the mice, a decreased degree of pathological changes, and the number of live bacteria in the spleen and liver were recorded compared to the control group. The results of 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing of fecal microbial flora showed that EcN could reduce the abundance of microorganisms in the intestine and reduce the proportion of Lactobacillus, while Ruminococcaceae sp., Rikenella sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. disappeared. In contrast, the abundance of Bacteroides increased, which reduced the effect of Salmonella typhimurium on the distribution of intestinal microorganisms. Our results demonstrated that EcN has a protective effect against Salmonella typhimurium infection and may act as a candidate probiotic bacterium to apply in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14051155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T09:12:41Z","timestamp":1779268361000},"page":"1155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protective Effect of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 on Salmonella\u00a0typhimurium Infection by Regulating Intestinal Flora"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zi-Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling-Jiao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Xin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuzhou University, Wuzhou 543002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7190-702X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emad Beshir","family":"Ata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong-Rong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Bing","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Bin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Long","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130117, 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