{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:11:01Z","timestamp":1791490261854,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tibet Plateau\u201dunder the scientific and technology to aid Tibet by Hubei Province during the \u201c14th Five-Year Plan\u201d","award":["SCXX-XZCG-22016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCXX-XZCG-22016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ecological restoration of degraded sandy land in the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley is constrained by the metabolic functions of soil microorganisms. This study investigates the dynamic mechanisms of microbial elemental use efficiency in walnut plantations, with a focus on seasonal variations in soil chemical stoichiometry, extracellular enzyme activity, and microbial nutrient efficiency in rhizosphere and bulk soils. This paper explores the effects of conventional organic fertilizer (CF) and organic\u2013inorganic compound fertilizer (OIF) on microbial nutrient use strategies and their seasonal dynamics. The results showed significant seasonal fluctuations in soil active nutrients and microbial biomass, while the total nutrient content remained stable. OIF enhanced microbial chemical stoichiometric homeostasis but simultaneously triggered a \u201ccarbon\u2013phosphorus metabolic trade-off\u201d, leading to a restraint of microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) during the growing season. Microbial elemental use efficiency (EUE) exhibited clear seasonal differentiation: CUE was higher in summer, promoting biomass accumulation, whereas NUE and PUE increased in winter and spring, reflecting a nutrient conservation strategy. The EUE pathways were decoupled between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere microenvironments. The rhizosphere was more directly driven by soil chemical stoichiometry and microbial biomass, while the non-rhizosphere was influenced by nutrient limitation states, represented by vector characteristics. This study provides insights into the seasonal adaptability and microenvironmental heterogeneity of microbial metabolism during the restoration of cold sandy land. It is suggested that future ecological management should focus on N-P balanced fertilization and consider the differential responses between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere zones to enhance ecosystem productivity and soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sequestration potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14061186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T11:57:44Z","timestamp":1779710264000},"page":"1186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Integrated Organic\u2013Inorganic Fertilization Enhances Microbial Stoichiometric Homeostasis but Triggers Seasonal Metabolic Trade-Offs in an Alpine Sandy Ecosystem"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuchun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wensheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xupeng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengtao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qixia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth Sciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaffney, P.P.J., Tang, Q., Wang, J., Zhang, C., Xu, X., Xu, X., Li, Y., Pap, S., Ratcliffe, J.L., and Li, Q. (2025). The High-Altitude Peatland Carbon Cycle: A Review of the Impacts of Climate Change, Human Disturbance and Management. Sustainability, 6.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geosus.2025.100353"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2025.113264","article-title":"Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Influencing Factors of Soil Quality in Aeolian Desertified Lands of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","volume":"172","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4488","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.4735","article-title":"Interactive Response and Spatial Heterogeneity of Alpine Grassland Biodiversity to Soil, Topography, Climate, and Human Factors on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","volume":"34","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.107274","article-title":"Spatio-Temporal Changes of Ecological Vulnerability across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau","volume":"123","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, J., Cui, X., Wang, S., Wang, F., Pang, Z., Xu, N., Zhao, G., and Wang, S. (2016). Changes in Biomass and Quality of Alpine Steppe in Response to N & P Fertilization in the Tibetan Plateau. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156146"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, D., Zhou, H., Zuo, J., Chen, P., She, Y., Yao, B., Dong, S., Wu, J., Li, F., and Njoroge, D.M. (2022). Responses of Soil Microbial Metabolic Activity and Community Structure to Different Degraded and Restored Grassland Gradients of the Tibetan Plateau. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.770315"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2025.109071","article-title":"Trade-off between Soil Carbon and Water Following Revegetation across Climatic Gradients on the Loess Plateau","volume":"255","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"283","article-title":"Changing Soil Microbiomes","volume":"19","author":"Otto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2017.09.026","article-title":"Winter Soil Freeze-Thaw Cycles Lead to Reductions in Soil Microbial Biomass and Activity Not Compensated for by Soil Warming","volume":"116","author":"Sorensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13630","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13630","article-title":"Direct Evidence for Microbial-Derived Soil Organic Matter Formation and Its Ecophysiological Controls","volume":"7","author":"Kallenbach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06042-3","article-title":"Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency Promotes Global Soil Carbon Storage","volume":"618","author":"Tao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50593-6","article-title":"Thermal Sensitivity of Soil Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency across Forest Biomes","volume":"15","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70047","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70047","article-title":"Dilemmas in Linking Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency with Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics","volume":"31","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1602781","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1602781","article-title":"Decoupling of Microbial Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Cycling in Response to Extreme Temperature Events","volume":"3","author":"Mooshammer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2024.117159","article-title":"Nitrogen Input Decreases Microbial Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Surface Soils of a Temperate Forest in Northeast China","volume":"453","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, B., Wang, X., Li, Y., Lian, J., Li, Y., Luo, Y., and Li, Y. (2023). Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activity Reflects the Change of Nitrogen to Phosphorus Limitation of Microorganisms during Vegetation Restoration in Semi-Arid Sandy Land of Northern China. Front. Environ. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2023.1298027"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-021-05025-5","article-title":"Plant Litter Quality Regulates Soil Eco-Enzymatic Stoichiometry and Microbial Nutrient Limitation in a Citrus Orchard","volume":"466","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17349","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17349","article-title":"Soil Organic Matter Priming: The pH Effects","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.171767","article-title":"Soil Microbial Functional Profiles of P-Cycling Reveal Drought-Induced Constraints on P-Transformation in a Hyper-Arid Desert Ecosystem","volume":"925","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-025-07483-7","article-title":"Interactive Effects of Nitrogen Addition and Drought on Soil Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency in Saline-Alkaline Grasslands of Northern China","volume":"514","author":"Diao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2022.108608","article-title":"Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Freeze\u2013Thaw Cycles on Soil Microbial Diversity and C and N Dynamics","volume":"168","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2024.105779","article-title":"Changes in Soil Microbial Community and Carbon Use Efficiency in Freeze-Thaw Period Restored after Growth Season under Warming and Straw Return","volume":"205","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12113","article-title":"Carbon Use Efficiency of Microbial Communities: Stoichiometry, Methodology and Modelling","volume":"16","author":"Sinsabaugh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3684","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17502-z","article-title":"Microbial Diversity Drives Carbon Use Efficiency in a Model Soil","volume":"11","author":"Pold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2302190120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2302190120","article-title":"Whole-Soil-Profile Warming Does Not Change Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency in Surface and Deep Soils","volume":"120","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2019.05.019","article-title":"Environmental Effects on Soil Microbial Nitrogen Use Efficiency Are Controlled by Allocation of Organic Nitrogen to Microbial Growth and Regulate Gross N Mineralization","volume":"135","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2021.108207","article-title":"Stoichiometric Imbalance and Microbial Community Regulate Microbial Elements Use Efficiencies under Nitrogen Addition","volume":"156","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2022.108731","article-title":"Increased Soil Organic Carbon Response to Fertilization Is Associated with Increasing Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency: Data Synthesis","volume":"171","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Bao, S. (2000). Agrochemical Analysis of Soil, China Agricultural Press."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Wu, J., Lin, Q., and Huang, Q. (2006). Determination Methods of Soil Microbial Biomass and Its Application, China Meteorological Press. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2024.105529","article-title":"Adaptation Mechanisms of Soil Microbial Community to Stoichiometric Imbalances Caused by Forest Conversion","volume":"201","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2015.10.019","article-title":"Vector Analysis of Ecoenzyme Activities Reveal Constraints on Coupled C, N and P Dynamics","volume":"93","author":"Moorhead","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mu, C., Li, J., Huang, F., Zhang, Z., Qin, J., and Wang, G. (2025). Response of Extracellular Enzyme Stoichiometric Properties and Microbial Metabolic Limitations to the Ecosystem Transition Mode Employed in Red Jujube Economic Forests on the Loess Plateau. Microorganisms, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13040729"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2024.108063","article-title":"Divergent Controlling Factors of Freeze\u2013Thaw-Induced Changes in Dissolved Organic Carbon and Microbial Biomass Carbon between Topsoil and Subsoil of Cold Alpine Grasslands","volume":"241","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2019.05.011","article-title":"Plant and Soil\u2019s \u03b415N Are Regulated by Climate, Soil Nutrients, and Species Diversity in Alpine Grasslands on the Northern Tibetan Plateau","volume":"281","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-024-06830-4","article-title":"Microbial Nitrogen Immobilization Reduces Competitive Advantage of Nitrophilous Plants with Soybean","volume":"508","author":"Gannett","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1080\/00380768.2020.1870095","article-title":"Effects of Sugarcane Substrate Inputs on Microbial Biomass and Nitrogen Availability in Tropical Sandy Soils of Northeast Thailand","volume":"67","author":"Chuwongpanich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BIOG.0000031028.53116.9b","article-title":"Impacts of Chronic Nitrogen Additions Vary Seasonally and by Microbial Functional Group in Tundra Soils","volume":"69","author":"Schmidt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2023.116693","article-title":"Seasonal Dynamics of Soil Microbial Growth, Respiration, Biomass, and Carbon Use Efficiency in Temperate Soils","volume":"440","author":"Schnecker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-023-01764-y","article-title":"Responses of Bacterial Community Composition and Diversity to Multi-Level Nitrogen Addition at Different Periods of Growing Season Driven by Conditional Rare Taxa in an Alpine Meadow","volume":"59","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. Soils"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.176307","article-title":"Dry Season Irrigation Promotes Nutrient Cycling by Reorganizing Eucalyptus Rhizosphere Microbiome","volume":"954","author":"Huo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H., Gou, M., Hu, J., Lei, L., Zhu, S., Hu, R., Zhao, H., Xiao, W., and Liu, C. (2024). Seasonal Variations in Soil Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Limitations of Differently Aged Pinus Massoniana Plantation. Microorganisms, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12112314"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2023.105167","article-title":"Microbial Community and Enzyme Activity Respond Differently to Seasonal and Edaphic Factors in Forest and Grassland Ecosystems","volume":"194","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70178","DOI":"10.1111\/ejss.70178","article-title":"Responses of Soil Extracellular Enzymes to N and P Additions Vary between Temperate and Subtropical Forests","volume":"76","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mooshammer, M., Wanek, W., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., and Richter, A. (2014). Stoichiometric Imbalances between Terrestrial Decomposer Communities and Their Resources: Mechanisms and Implications of Microbial Adaptations to Their Resources. Front. Microbiol., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00022"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-024-06838-w","article-title":"Long-Term Fertilizer Application Alters Microbial Resource Limitations in Soil Aggregates via Nutrient and Microbial Resource Allocation","volume":"508","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70240","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70240","article-title":"Global Change Modulates Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency: Mechanisms and Impacts on Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics","volume":"31","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2025.106160","article-title":"Enhancing Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency via Exogenous Carbon Inputs: Implications for Soil Carbon Sequestration and Phosphorus Availability","volume":"211","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.18642","article-title":"A Core Microbiome in the Hyphosphere of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Has Functional Significance in Organic Phosphorus Mineralization","volume":"238","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2022.116124","article-title":"Enzymatic Stoichiometry Reveals Phosphorus Limitation-Induced Changes in the Soil Bacterial Communities and Element Cycling: Evidence from a Long-Term Field Experiment","volume":"426","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174337","article-title":"Optimizing Tradeoff Strategies of Soil Microbial Community between Metabolic Efficiency and Resource Acquisition along a Natural Regeneration Chronosequence","volume":"946","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-17-2705-2024","article-title":"Optimal Enzyme Allocation Leads to the Constrained Enzyme Hypothesis: The Soil Enzyme Steady Allocation Model (SESAM; v3.1)","volume":"17","author":"Wutzler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-024-02115-y","article-title":"Microbial Nutrient Limitation and Carbon Use Efficiency Changes under Different Degrees of Litter Decomposition","volume":"46","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2025.105880","article-title":"Temperature and Microbial Metabolic Limitations Govern Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency in the Tibetan Alpine Grassland","volume":"206","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ycae081","DOI":"10.1093\/ismeco\/ycae081","article-title":"Taxonomic and Genomic Attributes of Oligotrophic Soil Bacteria","volume":"4","author":"Dragone","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISME Commun."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158961","article-title":"Global Magnitude of Rhizosphere Effects on Soil Microbial Communities and Carbon Cycling in Natural Terrestrial Ecosystems","volume":"856","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.4141","article-title":"Stoichiometric Theory Shapes Enzyme Kinetics in Paddy Bulk Soil but Not in Rhizosphere Soil","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-025-02567-9","article-title":"Rhizosphere Response and Resistance to Fertilization","volume":"6","author":"Tong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Earth Environ."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-023-01710-y","article-title":"Labile Carbon Inputs Support the Recovery of Bacterial Communities, but Not Fungal Communities, from a Simulated Bovine Urine Event","volume":"59","author":"Dopheide","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. Soils"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-023-01582-w","article-title":"Predictions of Rhizosphere Microbiome Dynamics with a Genome-Informed and Trait-Based Energy Budget Model","volume":"9","author":"Marschmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, Y., Tang, X., Sun, T., Lin, L., Wu, L., Zhang, T., Gong, Y., Li, Y., Wu, H., and Xiong, J. (2024). Rare Taxa Mediate Microbial Carbon and Nutrient Limitation in the Rhizosphere and Bulk Soil under Sugarcane\u2013Peanut Intercropping Systems. Front. Microbiol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1403338"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5269","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.70004","article-title":"Effectiveness of Different Sand Control Measures in Improving the Surface Soil in Alpine Sandy Land","volume":"36","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2021.104322","article-title":"Manufacturing Triple-Isotopically Labeled Microbial Necromass to Track C, N and P Cycles in Terrestrial Ecosystems","volume":"171","author":"Schmitt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-025-01789-y","article-title":"Soil Carbon Sequestration Enhanced by Long-Term Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization","volume":"18","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2025.109917","article-title":"Long-Term Multi-Nutrient Enrichment Enhances Aboveground Biomass without Compromising Ecosystem Temporal Stability in a Tibetan Alpine Meadow","volume":"394","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/14\/6\/1186\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T12:16:13Z","timestamp":1779711373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/14\/6\/1186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms14061186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms14061186","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]}}}