{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T09:05:15Z","timestamp":1779959115148,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phaeohyphomycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by dematiaceous fungi and is considered uncommon in dogs, particularly when associated with visceral or systemic involvement. Pulmonary disease as a primary site of infection is rarely reported in veterinary medicine and is often associated with an unfavorable outcome. This report describes a fatal case of pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis in a dog, characterized by severe granulomatous pneumonia, vascular invasion by pigmented fungal hyphae, and the development of large vessel thrombosis. Histopathological examination revealed septate, pigmented hyphae consistent with dematiaceous fungi associated with an intense granulomatous inflammatory response. Although molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction was unsuccessful due to the absence of amplifiable DNA in archived FFPE tissue, the clinicopathological correlation and histopathological findings were sufficient to support a diagnosis consistent with phaeohyphomycosis. Severe pulmonary inflammation likely contributed to vascular endothelial injury, resulting in pulmonary hypertension and thrombosis of major veins. This case highlights the diagnostic and clinical challenges associated with phaeohyphomycosis in dogs and emphasizes the importance of considering this infection in the differential diagnosis of chronic or progressive respiratory diseases accompanied by systemic complications. Furthermore, it reinforces the relevance of histopathology and comprehensive clinicopathological evaluation when molecular confirmation of the etiological agent is not achievable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14061219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T08:00:36Z","timestamp":1779955236000},"page":"1219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fatal Pulmonary Phaeohyphomycosis Associated with Large Vessel Thrombosis in a Dog"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Clara Almeida","family":"Azer\u00eado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Jata\u00ed 75800-257, Goias, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8726-4055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole Sales de","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Residency Program in Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (EVZ\/UFG), Goiania 74691-835, Goias, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmim Couto e","family":"Coura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0326-7187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Mariotti","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayara Bastos","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomical Pathology, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jata\u00ed, Jata\u00ed 75801-615, Goias, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna Samara","family":"Alves-Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomical Pathology, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jata\u00ed, Jata\u00ed 75801-615, Goias, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0734-7047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adryanne Rezende","family":"Lobato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomical Pathology, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jata\u00ed, Jata\u00ed 75801-615, Goias, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alana Fl\u00e1via","family":"Romani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Jata\u00ed, Jata\u00ed 75801-615, Goias, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9603-6638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirceu Guilherme de Souza","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Jata\u00ed, Jata\u00ed 75801-615, Goias, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8493-8669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus Casaro","family":"Saturnino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomical Pathology, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jata\u00ed, Jata\u00ed 75801-615, Goias, Brazil"},{"name":"Federal University of Jata\u00ed, Jata\u00ed 75801-615, Goias, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2008.09.002","article-title":"Mycotic encephalitis and nephritis in a dog due to infection with Cladosporium cladosporioides","volume":"140","author":"Poutahidis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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