{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:59:06Z","timestamp":1785437946671,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31800141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31800141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["31800141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31800141"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007162","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017A030310573"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017A030310573"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Rural Revitalization Strategy Special Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["163-2019-XMZC-0009-02-0075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["163-2019-XMZC-0009-02-0075"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Program of Gaoming District, Foshan City","award":["2017C01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017C01"]}]},{"name":"Collaboration Project with WANMUZHOU Biotechnology Limited Company","award":["GDKTP2021002400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDKTP2021002400"]}]},{"name":"Collaboration Project with WANMUZHOU Biotechnology Limited Company","award":["kh23279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["kh23279"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To address the lack of a commercially available vaccine for goose circovirus (GoCV), we developed and evaluated a prokaryotically expressed subunit vaccine targeting the viral capsid (Cap) protein. A truncated Cap protein (GoCV-\u0394Cap) was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and formulated with aluminum hydroxide as a subunit vaccine (GoCVsubvac). Goslings were primed intramuscularly (i.m.) with high (75 \u00b5g) or low (15 \u00b5g) doses GoCVsubvac, followed by a boost 14 days later. At 14 days post-boost, goslings were challenged with GoCV and were administered a bivalent inactivated vaccine against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and H9-subtype Avian influenza virus (AIV). Using our established gosling pathogenicity model, vaccine efficacy was evaluated via body weight, lesions, viral load, antibody titers, cytokine responses, and interference with NDV\/AIV immunity. Results demonstrated that the GoCV-\u0394Cap vaccine, especially the high-dose formulation, provided effective immunoprotection. It elicited robust humoral and cellular immune responses, reduced lymphoid pathology, and decreased the viral detection rate in lymphoid tissues from 100% (5\/5) in infected controls to 40% (2\/5). Importantly, it alleviated GoCV-induced immunosuppression and preserved the immunogenicity of co-administered vaccines. This novel subunit vaccine is a promising candidate for controlling GoCV disease (GoCVD).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14061227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:57:18Z","timestamp":1780070238000},"page":"1227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunoevaluation of a Prokaryotic-Expressed Goose Circovirus Capsid Subunit Vaccine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wenchang","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanxin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jipei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jidang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"},{"name":"Agricultural Teaching and Research Bases, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.0985","article-title":"Genome sequence determinations and analyses of novel circoviruses from goose and pigeon","volume":"286","author":"Todd","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-017-3247-y","article-title":"Revisiting the taxonomy of the family Circoviridae: Establishment of the genus Cyclovirus and removal of the genus Gyrovirus","volume":"162","author":"Rosario","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. 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