{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T04:51:52Z","timestamp":1781844712951,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phlebotomine sand flies are dipterans that transmit leishmaniasis, bartonellosis, and arboviruses of public health importance. Colombia is a tropical country with high annual incidences of arboviruses, such as dengue and, more recently, yellow fever, all of which have similar symptoms. This study characterized the viruses circulating in phlebotomine sand flies in two departments in the Colombian Caribbean. Between August 2023 and December 2024, a descriptive study was conducted in the Departments of C\u00f3rdoba and Cesar in Colombia. Four municipalities were selected per department, and four insect captures were performed using CDC light traps. Specimens were taxonomically identified and organized into groups according to species and study area, and total RNA was extracted for NGS analysis. Short sequences were quality-assessed, assembled using MEGAHIT to obtain contigs, and classified using DIAMOND-MEGAN6 to select viral genomic sequences for phylogenetic analysis. Thirteen viral families were identified, including a virus from the family Rhabdoviridae in Pi. evansi in the department of Cesar and another from the family Dicistroviridae in Lutzomyia gomezi in both departments. Two genome segments of the family Phenuiviridae were found in Lutzomyia gomezi in the department of C\u00f3rdoba, Colombia. Sand flies harbor a diverse range of viral families, some of which are previously undescribed, and can be studied to determine their taxonomy and assess their potential to infect vertebrate cells or their interactions with medically important pathogens such as Leishmania spp.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14061343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T15:00:48Z","timestamp":1781535648000},"page":"1343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Viral Diversity in Phlebotomine Sand Flies from Caribbean Region in Colombia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9645-2180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Romero-Ricardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas del Tr\u00f3pico, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, Monter\u00eda 232520, C\u00f3rdoba, Colombia"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130001, Bol\u00edvar, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5266-5790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yesica","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas del Tr\u00f3pico, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, Monter\u00eda 232520, C\u00f3rdoba, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1035-7422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeimi","family":"Lopez-Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas del Tr\u00f3pico, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, Monter\u00eda 232520, C\u00f3rdoba, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas del Tr\u00f3pico, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, Monter\u00eda 232520, C\u00f3rdoba, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8978-7484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Contreras-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas del Tr\u00f3pico, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, Monter\u00eda 232520, C\u00f3rdoba, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0460-0842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ketty","family":"Galeano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas del Tr\u00f3pico, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, Monter\u00eda 232520, C\u00f3rdoba, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6852-9758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertha","family":"Gastelbondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas del Tr\u00f3pico, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, Monter\u00eda 232520, C\u00f3rdoba, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3437-8664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Fragoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Parasitolog\u00eda y Agroecolog\u00eda Milenio, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Valledupar 200004, Cesar, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0522-2924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Paternina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Educaci\u00f3n y Ciencias, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo 700001, Sucre, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3838-1334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"German","family":"Arrieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas del Tr\u00f3pico, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, Monter\u00eda 232520, C\u00f3rdoba, Colombia"},{"name":"Grupo de Salud P\u00fablica y Auditor\u00eda En Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Econ\u00f3micas y Administrativas, Corporaci\u00f3n Universitaria del Caribe (CECAR), Sincelejo 700001, Sucre, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0526-4630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salim","family":"Mattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas del Tr\u00f3pico, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, Monter\u00eda 232520, C\u00f3rdoba, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"PAHO (2024). 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