{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:16:08Z","timestamp":1787062568242,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007225","name":"Vietnamese Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["\u0110T\u0110L.CN-116\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u0110T\u0110L.CN-116\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["\u0110T\u0110L.CN-116\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u0110T\u0110L.CN-116\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02b207r52","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cracking is a major cause of concrete deterioration because it allows water and aggressive ions to penetrate the material and accelerate structural damage. Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has emerged as a promising strategy for crack repair because selected bacteria can precipitate calcium carbonate and thereby seal damaged regions. In this study, we characterized strain ITBMC36, a calcite-precipitating bacterium isolated from a limestone-rich environment in Vietnam, and evaluated its potential for MICP-based crack repair. Strain ITBMC36 produced 26.73 \u00b1 0.81 g\/L of mineral precipitate in B4 medium. Mineral characterization showed that the precipitate consisted mainly of calcite, with minor amounts of vaterite and aragonite. Enzymatic assays showed urease activity of 35.71 \u00b1 1.24 U\/mL and carbonic anhydrase activity of 1.627 \u00b1 0.010 U\/mL. Hybrid genome sequencing generated a complete circular chromosome of 4,410,549 bp, and genome-based taxonomic analysis identified the isolate as Bacillus paralicheniformis. Genome mining revealed traits relevant to MICP and survival in cementitious environments, including a complete urea uptake and urease system, five putative carbonic anhydrase genes, exopolysaccharide and biofilm-associated loci, and multiple genes involved in stress response, pH homeostasis, and sporulation. In mortar specimens containing artificial microcracks (0.5 \u00b1 0.1 mm), ITBMC36 promoted progressive crack closure, with visible mineral deposition by day 7 and near-complete sealing by day 35. Together, these results identify B. paralicheniformis ITBMC36 as a promising, locally sourced bacterium for MICP-based crack repair and provide a high-quality genome resource for future optimization of bio-based cementitious materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14071437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:56:55Z","timestamp":1782838615000},"page":"1437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genomic and Functional Characterization of the Calcite-Precipitating Bacterium Bacillus paralicheniformis ITBMC36: A Promising Agent for Self-Healing Concrete"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1108-3521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dung Hoang","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Life Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Biotechnology Department, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi City 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanh Mai","family":"Luc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Genomics Research Center, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2376-5164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loan Quynh","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Life Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9026-3462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kien Trung","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Life Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Biotechnology Department, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi City 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Thi My","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Life Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7970-9359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoang Dang Khoa","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Genomics Research Center, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Nguyen Tat Thanh University Center of Hi-Tech Development, Saigon Hi-Tech Park, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Mach","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Genomics Research Center, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0579-2931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danh Hoang","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Genomics Research Center, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7950-0758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiet Minh","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Genomics Research Center, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Nguyen Tat Thanh University Center of Hi-Tech Development, Saigon Hi-Tech Park, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2009.02.006","article-title":"Microbial carbonate precipitation in construction materials: A review","volume":"36","author":"Verstraete","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecol. 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