{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T08:06:52Z","timestamp":1784102812604,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is an infectious claw disease chiefly induced by treponemes, while deep digital sepsis (DDS) is caused by pyogenic bacteria. It is currently unclear why persistent BDD-associated claw horn lesions (BDD-CHL) do not develop DDS. One possible explanation could be that the intralesional presence of treponemes makes it more difficult for pyogenic bacteria to colonize BDD-CHL. To lay the groundwork for exploring this possibility, we determined the presence and amounts of treponemes and selected pyogenic bacteria in BDD-CHL versus DDS at the DNA level. \u201cTotal Treponema\u201d (TT-)PCR and type-specific qPCR were used to screen 18 BDD-CHLs from 15 cows and 18 DDS samples from 11 cows for bacterial DNA. TT-PCR identified Treponema DNA as most abundant DNA in 8\/18 BDD-CHLs and 1\/18 DDS samples. qPCR revealed Treponema pedis DNA in all BDD-CHLs, and one DDS lesion. Fusobacterium necrophorum DNA was significantly more abundant in DDS compared to BDD-CHL samples (p = 0.027). Both lesion types harbored similar mean levels of Trueperella pyogenes DNA. Interestingly, 7\/18 DDS samples contained Parvimonas DNA. Our DNA-based data call for downstream studies involving living BDD-CHL-associated Treponema species and F. necrophorum, and, importantly, point to a possible pathogenic role of Parvimonas in DDS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14071542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T07:29:39Z","timestamp":1784100579000},"page":"1542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Do Treponemes in Bovine Digital Dermatitis-Associated Claw Horn Lesions Preclude Co-Infection by Pyogenic Bacteria?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3837-3422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Brandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Oncology (RGO), Centre for Equine Health and Research, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariella","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, Clinical Center for Ruminant and Camelid Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmund K.","family":"Hainisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Oncology (RGO), Centre for Equine Health and Research, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Weigelsperger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VetCore Genomics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9287-5039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Steinborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VetCore Genomics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9664-3446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johann","family":"Kofler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, Clinical Center for Ruminant and Camelid Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.140.24.620","article-title":"Histological and bacteriological evaluation of digital dermatitis in cattle, with special reference to spirochaetes and Campylobacter faecalis","volume":"140","author":"Cornelisse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet. 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