{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T04:44:04Z","timestamp":1786164244299,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["202501CF070100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202501CF070100"]}]},{"name":"Excellent Youth Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province","award":["25B0435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25B0435"]}]},{"award":["25B0435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25B0435"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ckg3w11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32200096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32200096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32200096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32200096"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024JJ6427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JJ6427"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory","award":["YPML-2023050224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YPML-2023050224"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory","award":["YPML-20240502038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YPML-20240502038"]}]},{"name":"China Construction Fifth Engineering Division\u2019s Scientific and Technological Research and Development Topics","award":["CSCEC5b-2026-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSCEC5b-2026-26"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program","award":["S202610534129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202610534129"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Precious metal nanoparticles (PMNPs), particularly silver, gold, palladium, and platinum nanoparticles, have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique physicochemical properties and broad applications in catalysis, environmental remediation, and biomedicine. Conventional physical and chemical synthesis methods often require substantial energy input, harsh reaction conditions, and generate large volumes of metal-containing wastewater, raising concerns regarding sustainability and environmental impact. Microbial synthesis provides a sustainable alternative by using microorganisms as natural biofactories to convert toxic precious metal ions into valuable nanoparticles under mild conditions. This review summarizes recent advances in the microbial synthesis of PMNPs (Bio-PMNPs), focusing on biosynthetic mechanisms in bacteria, algae, and fungi. Bio-PMNPs formation involves both extracellular and intracellular reduction processes, coupled with electron transfer mediated by reductases and other redox-active biomolecules. Functional groups present on microbial cell walls, as well as proteins, polysaccharides, enzymes, and other metabolites, play important roles in the adsorption, reduction, stabilization, and growth of nanoparticles. We further highlight the applications of Bio-PMNPs in antimicrobial activity, cancer therapy, pollutant degradation, heavy-metal removal, and catalytic enhancement of organic synthesis. Despite substantial progress, challenges remain in controlling nanoparticle size and morphology, elucidating biosynthetic mechanisms, and achieving large-scale production. Future integration of synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and process optimization is expected to improve the controllability, stability, scalability, and biosafety of Bio-PMNPs production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14081726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T09:46:38Z","timestamp":1786009598000},"page":"1726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microbial Synthesis of Precious Metal Nanoparticles and Their Applications: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shiyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuchang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengxin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenkun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodesign Center, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoyu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guozhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precious Metal Functional Materials, Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, No. 988 Keji Road, High-Tech Development Zone, Kunming 650106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1178-7860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2024.106816","article-title":"Biochar: Preserving the long-term catalytic activity of biosynthesized PdNPs\/AuNPs in Cr(VI) reduction","volume":"183","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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