{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T05:27:56Z","timestamp":1786426076618,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2026 Year Interdisciplinary Research Project of Jiangsu Interdisciplinary Center for Zoonoses and Biosafety","award":["JICZB-202617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JICZB-202617"]}]},{"name":"the Open Project Program of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis","award":["R2403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2403"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31600113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31600113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["31600113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31600113"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"111 Project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["D18007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D18007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a major opportunistic pathogen associated with a broad spectrum of hospital-and community-acquired infections. Biofilm formation contributes to bacterial persistence, stress tolerance, and host immune clearance. In this study, we constructed a transposon mutant library of the clinical K. pneumoniae strain KP20 using a mariner-based mutagenesis system and screened for mutants exhibiting defective biofilm formation. Targeted knockout of thrA significantly reduced biofilm formation and attenuated the adhesion and invasion of K. pneumoniae with respect to human airway epithelial Calu-3 cells and lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. These phenotypic changes are associated with altered transcription of the gene clusters responsible for type I and type III fimbria biosynthesis. Moreover, deletion of thrA compromised bacterial tolerance to acidic and alkaline stresses and increased susceptibility to phagocytosis by dendritic cells. In a murine infection model, thrA deletion significantly attenuated the virulence of K. pneumoniae and decreased bacterial colonization in target organs. Collectively, these findings indicate that thrA substantially contributes to biofilm formation, pH stress tolerance, host\u2013cell interaction, and virulence in K. pneumoniae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14081751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T01:20:03Z","timestamp":1786324803000},"page":"1751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The\u00a0Homoserine Dehydrogenase thrA Significantly Impairs Biofilm Formation, Stress Adaptation, and Virulence in Klebsiella pneumoniae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wenqing","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Nucleic Acid & Cell Fate Regulation, Yangzhou\u00a0University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wangxin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyi","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, 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