{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T09:27:52Z","timestamp":1786354072225,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Autonomous University of Mexico City","award":["UACM-CCyT-2025 CON-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UACM-CCyT-2025 CON-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Trichomonas vaginalis is the protozoan parasite responsible for trichomoniasis, a prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease where high Zn2+ concentrations in the male prostate microenvironment function as a natural infection barrier. This study evaluates the post-transcriptional mechanisms governing the gene expression and mRNA stability of the 50 kDa metalloproteinase (TvMP50), an immunogenic biomarker for male trichomoniasis, under zinc stress. Using T. vaginalis female (CNCD147) and male (HGMN01) isolates, mp50 expression was characterized through transcription inhibition assays with Actinomycin-D, 5\u2032 RACE, 3\u2032 RACE, poly (A) tail assays (PAT-PCR), and Mfold secondary structure modeling. Results demonstrated that while transcription consistently initiates at a 10-nucleotide sequence relative to the start codon, the presence of 1.6 mM Zn2+ significantly stabilizes the transcript, extending its experimental half-life from 30 to 47 min. Furthermore, PAT-PCR and sequencing confirmed that Zn2+ exposure alters poly (A) tract lengths, reaching up to ~700 nucleotides, and utilizes alternative polyadenylation and cleavage sites to form stable 3\u2032 untranslated region stem-loop configurations. In conclusion, mp50 overexpression under zinc stress is driven by a post-transcriptional mechanism where the synergistic effect of alternative processing signals and longer poly (A) tails enhances mRNA stability, optimizing parasite virulence during male urogenital colonization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14081755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T08:08:53Z","timestamp":1786349333000},"page":"1755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of cis Elements in the mp50 mRNA of Trichomonas vaginalis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2563-9313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Villalpando-Aguilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Patogenesis Celular y Molecular Humana y Veterinaria, Posgrado en Ciencias Genomicas, Universidad Autonoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, San Lorenzo 290, Colonia del Valle, Delegaci\u00f3n Benito Ju\u00e1rez M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"},{"name":"Secretaria de Ciencias, Humanidades, Tecnologia e Innovacion (SECIHTI), Benito Juarez, Ciudad de Mexico 03940, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5615-7854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa Elvira","family":"Figueroa-Angulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Patogenesis Celular y Molecular Humana y Veterinaria, Posgrado en Ciencias Genomicas, Universidad Autonoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, San Lorenzo 290, Colonia del Valle, Delegaci\u00f3n Benito Ju\u00e1rez M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Alberto","family":"Salazar-Pedreguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Patogenesis Celular y Molecular Humana y Veterinaria, Posgrado en Ciencias Genomicas, Universidad Autonoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, San Lorenzo 290, Colonia del Valle, Delegaci\u00f3n Benito Ju\u00e1rez M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6037-0163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar Gerardo","family":"Castillo-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Patogenesis Celular y Molecular Humana y Veterinaria, Posgrado en Ciencias Genomicas, Universidad Autonoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, San Lorenzo 290, Colonia del Valle, Delegaci\u00f3n Benito Ju\u00e1rez M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9212-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Elizbeth","family":"Alvarez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Patogenesis Celular y Molecular Humana y Veterinaria, Posgrado en Ciencias Genomicas, Universidad Autonoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, San Lorenzo 290, Colonia del Valle, Delegaci\u00f3n Benito Ju\u00e1rez M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2023.02.001","article-title":"Trichomoniasis","volume":"37","author":"Opsteen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. 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