{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T04:26:37Z","timestamp":1787199997088,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","award":["2022GXNSFDA035065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GXNSFDA035065"]}]},{"name":"Central Government Guidance Fund for Local Science and Technology Development Project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microbial extracellular pigments are renewable colorants for sustainable textile dyeing. A yellow-pigment-producing fungal strain, H-1, isolated from spalted wood, was identified as Chaetomium globosum and evaluated for pigment production, characterization, stability, bioactivity, and wool dyeing. Stepwise single-factor screening indicated suitable culture conditions of initial pH 7, 25 \u00b0C, 10 d, 25 g\/L glucose, 7 g\/L fish peptone, and 0.25 g\/L K2HPO4. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed hydroxyl, aromatic, and C-O-C groups, and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS\/MS) putatively annotated representative components including Chaetomugilin D and Armochaetoglobin G. The crude pigment produced preliminary inhibition zones of 14.30 \u00b1 0.04 and 10.01 \u00b1 0.17 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively, while crude fermentation filtrates showed measurable hydroxyl and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging capacities under fixed assay conditions. The pigment was more stable under neutral to alkaline pH and short-term heating at 40\u2013100 \u00b0C. Wool showed higher dye affinity than cotton, linen, and silk. Response surface methodology (RSM) optimized wool dyeing at pH 2.35, 91 \u00b0C, 80 min, and 2.04 g\/L potassium aluminum sulfate, yielding a color strength (K\/S) value of 11.65. After three dye-bath reuse cycles, K\/S decreased by 16.28%, and washing\/rubbing fastness remained above grade 3 under GB\/T tests. These results support further development of Chaetomium globosum H-1 extracellular pigments for natural wool coloration and dye-bath reuse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14081818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T08:08:41Z","timestamp":1787040521000},"page":"1818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extracellular Yellow Pigments Produced by Chaetomium globosum H-1 Isolated from Spalted Wood: Fermentation Regulation, Multidimensional Characterization, and Sustainable Wool Dyeing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Boxi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengqi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3460-0317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2012.04.004","article-title":"Modeling of microwave-assisted extraction of natural dye from seeds of Bixa orellana (Annatto) using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN)","volume":"41","author":"Sinha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind. 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