{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T04:26:55Z","timestamp":1787286415701,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["42277245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42277245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["42407054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42407054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["42277245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42277245"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["42407054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42407054"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["XDA13010302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA13010302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["XDA13010302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA13010302"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034t30j35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soil microbial biogeography on nearshore islands remains less well understood than that on remote archipelagos, particularly when bacterial and fungal diversity, community composition, and co-occurrence associations are evaluated together. We characterized bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS communities in 36 topsoil samples collected from five nearshore islands in the northern South China Sea and examined their associations with plant diversity, soil physicochemical properties, and climatic and geographic conditions. Bacterial Shannon diversity, ACE richness, and Simpson diversity differed significantly among islands, as did fungal ACE richness, whereas fungal Shannon and Simpson diversity showed no significant differences. Bray\u2013Curtis-based analyses revealed island-associated differentiation in bacterial community composition and fungal community composition, although multivariate dispersion also differed among islands. Sample-level subnetworks derived from an integrated co-occurrence network showed that the number of bacteria\u2013bacteria edges differed significantly among islands, whereas the numbers of bacteria\u2013fungi and fungi\u2013fungi edges did not. Exploratory Spearman correlation analyses and variation partitioning indicated that microbial properties were more broadly associated with soil physicochemical properties and climatic\u2013geographic conditions than with plant diversity. By evaluating both microbial kingdoms within the same field campaign, this study identifies partly distinct bacterial and fungal biogeographic and co-occurrence patterns and provides a baseline for future microbial biodiversity monitoring on nearshore islands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14081838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T09:30:53Z","timestamp":1787131853000},"page":"1838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Variation in Soil Bacterial and Fungal Diversity, Community Composition, and Co-Occurrence Patterns Across Nearshore Islands in the Northern South China Sea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Remediation in Ecologically Fragile Regions, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China"},{"name":"Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yechen","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Remediation in Ecologically Fragile Regions, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China"},{"name":"Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, School of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9645-399X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hu","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xionghui","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanxia","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Remediation in Ecologically Fragile Regions, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, 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