{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T05:17:31Z","timestamp":1787807851957,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TCVGH-1155101C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-1155101C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TCVGH-1155101D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-1155101D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["TCVGH-1155101C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-1155101C"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00e87hq62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["TCVGH-1155101D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-1155101D"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00e87hq62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 114-2314-B-075A-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2314-B-075A-010"]}]},{"award":["NSTC 114-2314-B-075A-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2314-B-075A-010"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02kv4zf79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) caused by Brevundimonas diminuta are rare, and polymicrobial infections involving this organism are exceptionally uncommon. To the best of our knowledge, we describe the first reported case of polymicrobial CRBSI caused by B. diminuta and Streptococcus anginosus in a woman with a pituitary gland tumor and intracranial hypertension who was receiving intravenous treatment through an indwelling peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). The patient made a full clinical recovery after prompt PICC removal and intravenous piperacillin\u2013tazobactam therapy. This case emphasizes the emerging clinical significance of B. diminuta and S. anginosus as potential causes of polymicrobial bloodstream infection in patients with indwelling central venous catheters and underlines the need to consider uncommon environmental Gram-negative organisms in catheter-related infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14091888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T10:04:55Z","timestamp":1787652295000},"page":"1888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polymicrobial Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection Involving Brevundimonas diminuta and Streptococcus anginosus: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Po-Hsiu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2098-8872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Hao","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Hsuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Kuang","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8006-4917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po-Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Infection Control Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Translational Medicine Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8697-1047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsien-Po","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5151.134184","article-title":"Catheter-related bloodstream infections","volume":"4","author":"Gahlot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Crit. Illn. Inj. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2017.1419116","article-title":"Brevundimonas spp: Emerging global opportunistic pathogens","volume":"9","author":"Ryan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pilarczyk-Zurek, M., Sitkiewicz, I., and Koziel, J. (2022). The Clinical View on Streptococcus anginosus Group\u2014Opportunistic Pathogens Coming Out of Hiding. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.956677"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e236235","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-236235","article-title":"Brevundimonas diminuta coinfection as source of pyogenic liver abscess","volume":"14","author":"Burch","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2024). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, CLSI. 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Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"100468","article-title":"Bacteremia due to Brevundimonas diminuta in a patient with Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: A case report and brief literature review","volume":"18","author":"Boujloud","year":"2026","journal-title":"Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2830","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00924-12","article-title":"First report of an extensively drug-resistant VIM-2 metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Brevundimonas diminuta clinical isolate","volume":"50","author":"Almuzara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-2-373","article-title":"First isolation of two colistin-resistant emerging pathogens, Brevundimonas diminuta and Ochrobactrum anthropi, in a woman with cystic fibrosis: A case report","volume":"2","author":"Menuet","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. 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Spectr."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/14\/9\/1888\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T04:22:38Z","timestamp":1787804558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/14\/9\/1888"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms14091888"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms14091888","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]}}}