{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T19:17:58Z","timestamp":1787944678816,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yunnan Province Major Science and Technology Special Project","award":["202602AE090044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202602AE090044"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology","award":["202449CE340019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202449CE340019"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["202501BD070001-039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202501BD070001-039"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ticks are hematophagous arthropods that parasitize livestock, humans, and wild animals, posing serious threats to public health worldwide. Diverse pathogens have been discovered in ticks, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and filarial nematodes; however, ticks also harbor a variety of fungal microbes, which remain largely unexplored. In this study, we isolated and identified culturable fungi associated with ticks collected on cattle and goats in Yunnan Province, China. Of the 1730 ticks obtained, 1690 were identified as Rhipicephalus microplus, and only 40 as Haemaphysalis longicornis via morphology and 16S rRNA gene analysis. A total of 90 fungal strains were isolated from the ticks and identified by morphological examination and ITS sequencing, representing 25 species across 20 genera, with Fusarium being the most prevalent. Among these isolates, Fusarium verticillioides (19 isolates) poses a threat to grains, animals, and humans; Cladosporium cladosporioides (six isolates) and Sarocladium zeae (one isolate) are primarily pathogenic to plants, while Schizophyllum commune (eight isolates), Rhizopus arrhizus (two isolates), Diaporthe phaseolorum (two isolates), and Purpureocillium lilacinum (two isolates) are recognized animal-associated pathogens. The diversity of isolated fungi with documented pathogenicity suggests that ticks may serve as potential vectors for fungal transmission, raising concerns about their role in cross-kingdom disease spread across agriculture and livestock. Furthermore, fungi with entomopathogenic potential, such as P. lilacinum, offer valuable resources for developing biocontrol agents against ticks. Our findings highlight the dual role of ticks as both potential vectors of phytopathogenic fungi and reservoirs of entomopathogenic biocontrol agents. This necessitates a paradigm shift in tick surveillance, integrating mycological monitoring to mitigate agricultural losses and exploring tick-borne fungi for sustainable vector control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14091911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T18:33:52Z","timestamp":1787942032000},"page":"1911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of Parasitic Ticks and the Potential Tick-Borne Pathogenic Fungi in Yunnan Province, Southwest China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Meng-Ling","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"College of Bioengineering, Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Man-Li","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jian-Fa","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Feng-Cai","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3188-4550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Jun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6103-3821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu-Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"100993","article-title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of ixodid tick species infesting cattle and sheep in Balochistan, Pakistan","volume":"49","author":"Kebzai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21544","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.21544","article-title":"Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea) in China: Geographical distribution, host diversity, and specificity","volume":"102","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101588","article-title":"Investigation of the presence of Ochrobactrum spp. and Brucella spp. in Haemaphysalis longicornis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonenshine, D.E. (2018). Range Expansion of Tick Disease Vectors in North America: Implications for Spread of Tick-Borne Disease. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15030478"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2024.101163","article-title":"Tick symbiosis","volume":"62","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06690-6","article-title":"A review of filarial nematodes parasitizing tick vectors: Unraveling global patterns in species diversity, host associations, and interactions with tick-borne pathogens","volume":"18","author":"Ajileye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06684-4","article-title":"Sustainable management of tick infestations in cattle: A tropical perspective","volume":"18","author":"Mollong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-024-08256-4","article-title":"Strategic control of the cattle tick Rhipicephlaus microplus applied to rotational and silvopastoral grazing systems in subtropical areas","volume":"123","author":"Nava","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonnet, S.I., Binetruy, F., Hern\u00e1ndez-Jargu\u00edn, A.M., and Duron, O. (2017). The Tick Microbiome: Why Non-pathogenic Microorganisms Matter in Tick Biology and Pathogen Transmission. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00236"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12813","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12813","article-title":"Update on the intricate tango between tick microbiomes and tick-borne pathogens","volume":"43","author":"Bonnet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.07.007","article-title":"Convergence of Nutritional Symbioses in Obligate Blood Feeders","volume":"36","author":"Duron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2011.12.003","article-title":"Susceptibility of different populations of ticks to entomopathogenic fungi","volume":"130","author":"Perinotto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2025013","article-title":"Culturable bacteria and fungi in Ixodes, Dermacentor, Amblyomma and Ornithodoros ticks","volume":"32","author":"Bruley","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2008.03914.x","article-title":"Microbial communities and interactions in the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum","volume":"17","author":"Clay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.03.010","article-title":"Tick microbiome: The force within","volume":"31","author":"Narasimhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.04.004","article-title":"Grappling with the tick microbiome","volume":"37","author":"Narasimhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.10.042","article-title":"Ticks Resist Skin Commensals with Immune Factor of Bacterial Origin","volume":"183","author":"Hayes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2024.100735","article-title":"Systematic investigation of the Borrelia miyamotoi spirochetes in ticks, wildlife and domestic animal hosts in Yunnan province, Southwest China","volume":"18","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1009","article-title":"Recent progress in tick taxonomy and a global list of tick species","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101685","article-title":"Pictorial dissection guide and internal anatomy of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini)","volume":"12","author":"Tidwell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-012-0460-z","article-title":"Isolation and identification of entomopathogenic fungi and their evaluation against Tribolium confusum, Sitophilus zeamais, and Rhyzopertha dominica in stored maize","volume":"86","author":"Barra","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pest Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4043-1","article-title":"Dermacentor everestianus Hirst, 1926 (Acari: Ixodidae): Phylogenetic status inferred from molecular characteristics","volume":"113","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3114\/fuse.2019.03.06","article-title":"New and interesting fungi. 2","volume":"3","author":"Crous","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fungal Syst. Evol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1139\/gen-2016-0046","article-title":"Fungal DNA barcoding","volume":"59","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-018-1081-1","article-title":"New Penicillium and Talaromyces species from honey, pollen and nests of stingless bees","volume":"111","author":"Barbosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antonie Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004","DOI":"10.48130\/sif-0025-0003","article-title":"Schizophyllum commune, an underrated edible and medicinal mushroom: Farm to industry","volume":"10","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stud. Fungi"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-019-0115-5","article-title":"A dataset of distribution and diversity of ticks in China","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, H., Hu, C., Zhang, D., Tang, S., Zhang, Z., Kou, Z., Fan, Z., Bente, D., Zeng, C., and Li, T. (2015). Metagenomic profile of the viral communities in Rhipicephalus spp. ticks from Yunnan, China. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121609"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.004","article-title":"Neglected and emerging fungal infections: Review of hyalohyphomycosis by Paecilomyces lilacinus focusing in disease burden, in vitro antifungal susceptibility and management","volume":"14","author":"Antas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04266-0","article-title":"Molecular evidence confirms occurrence of Rhipicephalus microplus Clade A in Kenya and sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"13","author":"Kanduma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCoy, K.D., L\u00e9ger, E., and Dietrich, M. (2013). Host specialization in ticks and transmission of tick-borne diseases: A review. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2013.00057"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, N. (2023). Chapter 3\u2014The tick life cycle. Ticks, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91148-1.00005-8"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182024001380","article-title":"Ecological relationships of Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann with other tick species on wildlife hosts at cow\u2013calf farms implementing integrated pest management in eastern Tennessee","volume":"151","author":"Butler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/01647950508683683","article-title":"Fungal fauna of Ixodes scapularis say and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (Acari: Ixodida) with special reference to species-associated internal mycoflora","volume":"31","author":"Benoit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Acarol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2023.07.004","article-title":"Increasing Fusarium verticillioides resistance in maize by genomicsassisted breeding: Methods, progress, and prospects","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crop J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110494","article-title":"Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of toxigenic Fusarium verticillioides in response to variation of temperature and water activity on maize kernels","volume":"410","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8221","article-title":"Exposure to fumonisins and the occurrence of neural tube defects along the Texas-Mexico border","volume":"114","author":"Missmer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20148","article-title":"Maternal fumonisin exposure and risk for neural tube defects: Mechanisms in an in vivo mouse model","volume":"73","author":"Starr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. A Clin. Mol. Teratol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2012.02190.x","article-title":"Schizophyllum commune as an emerging fungal pathogen: A review and report of two cases","volume":"56","author":"Chowdhary","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2012.07.003","article-title":"\u201cWe are what we eat!\u201d Invasive intestinal mucormycosis: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"1","author":"Martinello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Mycol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2011.02322.x","article-title":"Purpureocillium, a new genus for the medically important Paecilomyces lilacinus","volume":"321","author":"Houbraken","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2013.03.001","article-title":"Cutaneous infection by Diaporthe phaseolorum in Brazil","volume":"2","author":"Mattei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Mycol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-93-4-0426C","article-title":"First Report of Papaya Scab Caused by Cladosporium cladosporioides in Taiwan","volume":"93","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.5941\/MYCO.2015.43.3.354","article-title":"Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. tenuissimum Cause Blossom Blight in Strawberry in Korea","volume":"43","author":"Nam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mycobiology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-92-3-0484C","article-title":"First Report of Raceme Blight Caused by Cladosporium cladosporioides on Macadamia Nuts in South Africa","volume":"92","author":"Serfontein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2025.128146","article-title":"Molecular and genomic insights into the pathogenicity of Sarocladium zeae causing maize stalk rot disease","volume":"296","author":"Harish","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Dusbadek, E., and Bukva, V. (1991). Activity of Rhizopus thailandensis, Rhizopus arrhizus and Curvularia lunata on reproductive efficacy of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Ixodidae). Modern Acaralogy, Academia Prague and SPB Academic Publishing BV."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2024.110323","article-title":"Efficacy of the fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum applied via drone onto pasture for controlling the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"332","author":"Pereira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-2982-y","article-title":"Virulence of Isaria sp. and Purpureocillium lilacinum to Rhipicephalus microplus tick under laboratory conditions","volume":"111","author":"Angelo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ebani, V.V., and Mancianti, F. (2021). Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria in a Veterinary Perspective. Biology, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10060479"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arreguin-Perez, C.A., Miranda-Miranda, E., Folch-Mallol, J.L., and Coss\u00edo-Bay\u00fagar, R. (2023). Identification of Virulence Factors in Entomopathogenic Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Naturally Infected Rhipicephalus microplus. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11082107"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/14\/9\/1911\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T18:45:58Z","timestamp":1787942758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/14\/9\/1911"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms14091911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms14091911","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]}}}