{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:17:24Z","timestamp":1788239844815,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005667","name":"Research and Innovation Support Foundation of the State of Santa Catarina","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005667","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["62\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0503xdx77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Editor-in-Chief of Microorganisms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This decade-long surveillance study (2016\u20132025) investigates the acquisition of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in South Atlantic cetaceans to evaluate how ecological niches modulate exposure to biological pollution. Analyzing clinical isolates from stranded cetacean carcasses (n = 346), we used Generalized Linear Mixed-Effects Models (GLMMs) to mitigate multi-center analytical biases and compare resistance profiles across coastal and oceanic species. We observed a significant, progressive upward trend in the overall MDR probability over the decade. Although raw MDR was higher in the demersal-feeding Pontoporia blainvillei (58.2%) than in the sympatric, water-column-foraging Sotalia guianensis (22.0%), multivariate modeling revealed that this difference was primarily driven by the geographic stranding location rather than by intrinsic foraging ecology. High gastrointestinal MDR (73.9%) suggests dietary intake as a primary biological gateway. Demographic modeling revealed a significant sex-based association in P. blainvillei, with females facing a higher risk (p = 0.009), although the specific ecological or physiological mechanisms underlying this difference remain unknown. High MDR rates in deep-diving Lagenodelphis hosei (70.8%) and Kogia breviceps (67.9%) suggest that resistant pathogens may reach bathypelagic food webs, potentially via vertical trophic pathways. These findings suggest that spatial environmental contamination, alongside foraging and reproductive ecologies, is a key driver of exposure to the anthropogenic resistome. Because carcass-based sampling inherently targets a diseased or senescent fraction, these high prevalences may overestimate the resistome burden of healthy free-ranging populations. The detection of human pathogens across coastal and offshore habitats indicates persistent deficiencies in terrestrial effluent management, reinforcing cetaceans as One Health sentinels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14091915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T02:08:58Z","timestamp":1788142138000},"page":"1915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in South Atlantic Cetaceans over a Decade of Surveillance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3101-5091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe da Silva","family":"Valente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolomics and Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florian\u00f3polis 88034-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4330-6444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karla Renata Kaminski","family":"Andrioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodiversity Informatics and Geomatic Laboratory, University of Vale do Itaja\u00ed (UNIVALI), Itaja\u00ed 88302-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Marcus Adonai Castro","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Microbiology Laboratory, University of Vale do Itaja\u00ed (UNIVALI), Itaja\u00ed 88302-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6606-0028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Silva","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodiversity Informatics and Geomatic Laboratory, University of Vale do Itaja\u00ed (UNIVALI), Itaja\u00ed 88302-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1","article-title":"Global Burden of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance 1990\u20132021: A Systematic Analysis with Forecasts to 2050","volume":"404","author":"Naghavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.08.001","article-title":"Environmental Antimicrobial Resistance and Its Drivers: A Potential Threat to Public Health","volume":"27","author":"Samreen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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