{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:06:42Z","timestamp":1788865602456,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most significant global public health challenges, as it represents the world\u2019s leading infectious cause of death. The clinical efficacy of currently available anti-TB drugs is increasingly compromised due to the growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains, side effects, and prolonged treatment times. This scenario highlights the urgent need to identify new anti-TB drugs with alternative mechanisms of action and improved anti-TB activity and bioavailability. In this context, natural products derived from microorganisms represent a key source of chemical diversity for drug discovery. Actinomycetes, fungi, and other environmental microbes produce a wide range of secondary metabolites with broad antimicrobial activity. These compounds can interfere with essential bacterial structures and processes, including membrane integrity, redox homeostasis, protein synthesis, and DNA replication. This review aims to evaluate new microbial natural products for their antibacterial activity, focusing on their efficacy, mechanisms of action, chemical nature, and potential clinical applications, with the aim of informing the development of new anti-TB agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14091933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T15:08:43Z","timestamp":1788275323000},"page":"1933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microbial Natural Products Targeting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex: Toward the Discovery of Novel Anti-Tubercular Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Veronica","family":"Folliero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1654-8500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Dell\u2019Annunziata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Radocchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2305-5466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raimondo","family":"Leone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7357-2892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Gualano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Leadership in Medicine Research Center, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0134-2830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenza","family":"Putignani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Microbiomics and Unit of Research of Microbiome, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2026, May 01). 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