{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T05:04:54Z","timestamp":1789275894912,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2018YFC1801802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1801802"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wastewater treatment systems are under increasing pressure to improve nitrogen removal while reducing carbon emissions, yet the deployment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) remains constrained by uncertainty about technical readiness, operational robustness, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, life-cycle carbon performance, monitoring capacity, and transferability across wastewater contexts. This study uses dynamic topic modelling and trend assessment of 998 publications from 2001 to 2025 to synthesize deployment-relevant evidence for anammox-based wastewater treatment. The results indicate that the field has shifted from reactor start-up and process-parameter optimization toward microbial regulation, mainstream process integration, coupled nitrogen-removal strategies, and intelligent control. Building on these topic-evolution patterns and reported engineering evidence, this study provides an evidence-based qualitative appraisal of deployment-readiness signals and evidence gaps, distinguishing comparatively mature side-stream applications from mainstream systems that still require monitored demonstrations, transparent N2O accounting, life-cycle assessment, and locally validated operating data. The study argues that anammox should be evaluated as a technology with potential but conditional carbon-saving benefits: its potential carbon-saving benefits depend on operational evidence specific to each application stage, carbon-accounting credibility, and implementation capacity, rather than assuming that research activity alone justifies broad deployment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14092020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T08:17:42Z","timestamp":1789114662000},"page":"2020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deployment Readiness of Anammox for Wastewater Treatment with Potential Carbon-Saving Benefits: Environmental Risks, Monitoring Requirements and Implementation Pathways"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ya","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Microbial Transformation and Regulation of Biogenic Elements in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Fei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Microbial Transformation and Regulation of Biogenic Elements in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0777-9461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Microbial Transformation and Regulation of Biogenic Elements in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Microbial Transformation and Regulation of Biogenic Elements in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8853-336X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Microbial Transformation and Regulation of Biogenic Elements in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru-An","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Microbial Transformation and Regulation of Biogenic Elements in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9942-3235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Qiao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Microbial Transformation and Regulation of Biogenic Elements in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.02.022","article-title":"Wastewater treatment in microbial fuel cells-an overview","volume":"122","author":"Gude","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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