{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:08:47Z","timestamp":1792789727777,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","award":["N-1543386-2024-28-01-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N-1543386-2024-28-01-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04sbe6g90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["N-1543386-2024-28-01-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N-1543386-2024-28-01-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04sbe6g90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Kyungpook National University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040c17130","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040c17130","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Among the seven-foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes, serotype O is relatively thermolabile, posing significant challenges for virus preservation and vaccine manufacturing. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an effective thermostabilizing formulation to enhance the thermal stability of thermolabile FMDV serotype O strains, thereby facilitating their long-term storage. The stabilizing effect of a newly developed stabilizer, designated CVS, was assessed using two Korean field isolates (O\/SKR\/Jincheon\/2014 and O\/SKR\/Boeun\/2017) and two recombinant strains [O1 Manisa (R) and O PanAsia-2 (R)]. CVS was compared with conventional stabilizers consisting of 3% sucrose and 10% glycerol. Viral seed stocks were stored at \u221280 \u00b0C, 4 \u00b0C, 25 \u00b0C and 37 \u00b0C for 2, 4, and 7 d or subjected to accelerated stress conditions, after which viral thermostability was comparatively evaluated. Although 3% sucrose provided moderate protection, the CVS formulation demonstrated significantly superior stabilizing efficacy on viral infectivity, particularly under high-temperature stress conditions (25 \u00b0C and 37 \u00b0C) and during freeze\u2013thaw cycles. However, the stabilizing effect varied among strains, suggesting strain-dependent differences in physicochemical properties and structural stability. Overall, CVS improved FMDV infectivity stability across a broad temperature range and exhibited greater protective efficacy than 3% sucrose, supporting its potential as an effective FMDV stabilizer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14092051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T14:15:04Z","timestamp":1789395304000},"page":"2051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel Thermostabilizing Formulation for Enhanced Stability of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus During Storage and Environmental Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9714-4232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi-Kyeong","family":"Ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4827-0686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon-Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9242-2731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su-Mi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foot-and-Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"I-Ryeong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Tae-jun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4540-0115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Han","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0825-8121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong-Hyeon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Saekil","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Choong Ang Vaccine 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(CAVAC), Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Seokin","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd. (CAVAC), Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Sung-Sik","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd. 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