{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:04:29Z","timestamp":1789988669799,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Program Project of Nanping","award":["N2023Y015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N2023Y015"]}]},{"name":"Key Science and Technology Program Project in the Future Industry of Xiamen","award":["3502Z20254020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502Z20254020"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program Project of Xiamen","award":["3502Z20251003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502Z20251003"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program Project of Xiamen","award":["3502Z20251008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502Z20251008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>D-tagatose is a rare sugar that occurs naturally and combines high sweetness with a low caloric value. It has several beneficial effects, including anticariogenic activity, modulation of the intestinal microbiota, and potential benefits for diabetes management. It is used as a novel sweetener and pharmaceutical excipient in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Currently, D-tagatose is produced mainly through chemical synthesis and biocatalysis. The chemical preparation of D-tagatose requires complex product purification and entails high waste-treatment costs, while biological preparation of D-tagatose offers high catalytic efficiency, mild reaction conditions, and fewer by-products. Therefore, in recent years, the biocatalytic conversion of D-galactose into D-tagatose using L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) has attracted considerable attention, prompting extensive efforts to develop more economical and environmentally friendly production methods. To date, L-AI from various microbial sources has been identified and characterized, and researchers have engineered L-AI into a more effective biocatalyst through mutagenesis to improve process feasibility. This paper comprehensively reviews the current status and the latest advancements in the synthesis of D-tagatose from the perspective of biocatalysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14092085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:25:43Z","timestamp":1789986343000},"page":"2085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advances in the Production of D-Tagatose Using L-Arabinose Isomerase"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Bingyi","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoxiong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongkun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BaYeCao Health Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5115-8260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuchong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianchun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuab012","article-title":"Rare sugars and their health effects in humans: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the evidence from human trials","volume":"80","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. 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