{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:04:43Z","timestamp":1789988683953,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) carry a high mortality, and comparative real-world data remain limited, particularly for metallo-\u03b2-lactamase (MBL) and dual-carbapenemase producers. We conducted a single-centre, six-year (2020\u20132025) retrospective study of 308 adults with CPE BSIs at a Romanian tertiary hospital, applying multivariable logistic regression, Cox proportional-hazards models with a 72 h landmark analysis, and inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted (IPTW) regression to examine 30-day mortality and microbiological recurrence. Pre-specified sensitivity analyses addressed calendar period, carbapenemase class and incomplete outcome ascertainment. Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 92.5% of isolates, MBL determinants for 44.1% and dual carbapenemases for 31.8%. Thirty-day mortality was 72% among 275 patients with documented day-30 status. Vasopressor requirement, viral pneumonia and bacterial respiratory infection were independently associated with death, whereas definitive ceftazidime\/avibactam with or without aztreonam (C\/AVI \u00b1 AZT) was associated with lower mortality (adjusted OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.17\u20130.83). Mortality was 66.3% with C\/AVI \u00b1 AZT, 79.3% with colistin and 67.1% with other regimens. After IPTW, C\/AVI \u00b1 AZT was associated with lower 30-day mortality than colistin (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.26\u20130.93); in the OXA-48\/KPC subgroup, the estimate was unchanged but less precise (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.20\u20131.19). The association was attenuated and no longer significant after adjustment for calendar period (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.37\u20131.42), with epoch-stratified estimates of 1.14, 0.75 and 0.44 for 2020\u20132021, 2022\u20132023 and 2024\u20132025, respectively; crude mortality under colistin was stable across epochs (81.1%, 76.6%, and 81.2%, respectively), whereas mortality under C\/AVI \u00b1 AZT fell (83.3%, 72.2%, and 60.7%, respectively). Weighted estimates were near-identical in isolates with and without an MBL determinant (0.46 and 0.48, respectively). Recurrence (10.1%) was more frequent with single OXA-48 or MBL producers. C\/AVI \u00b1 AZT was associated with lower 30-day mortality than colistin, but the association was concentrated in the period when the agent was routinely available and did not survive adjustment for calendar time. These findings describe an association, not a causal survival advantage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14092102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:25:43Z","timestamp":1789986343000},"page":"2102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ceftazidime\u2013Avibactam Versus Colistin-Based Regimens for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Bloodstream Infections: A Six-Year Retrospective Cohort and 30-Day Mortality Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Victor-Pierre","family":"Ormeneanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7658-5082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca","family":"Zanfirescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1789-742X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corina","family":"Andrei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florin","family":"Dumitru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavius","family":"Anghel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u0103zvan","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Negre\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00118-5","article-title":"The WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List 2024: A prioritisation study to guide research, development, and public health strategies against antimicrobial resistance","volume":"25","author":"Sati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mylona, E., Kostourou, S., Giankoula, D., Kolokotroni, C., Tsilikis, P., Koudoumnakis, N., Papagianni, M., Kounatidis, D., Vallianou, N., and Perivolioti, E. (2026). A seven-year study of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in a tertiary hospital in Greece: A shift toward metallo-\u03b2-lactamase and dual carbapenemase strains. Antibiotics, 15.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202604.0076.v1"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13769","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-49160-4","article-title":"Detection of New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase (blaNDM) and oxacillinase (blaOXA-48) genes among carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia","volume":"16","author":"Hagras","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dlag043","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlag043","article-title":"Carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae co-producing NDM-5 and OXA-48 in a teaching hospital from Tunisia","volume":"8","author":"Jaidane","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAC-Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, D., Huang, X., Rao, H., and Yu, H. (2023). Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1157010"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ciae403","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae403","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024 guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative infections","volume":"79","author":"Tamma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02819-25","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02819-25","article-title":"Comparison of outcomes of KPC-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections treated with ceftazidime-avibactam and other conventional antibiotics: Retrospective single-centre study","volume":"14","author":"Kwon","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dlaf131","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf131","article-title":"Aztreonam-avibactam for the treatment of serious infections caused by metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Gram-negative pathogens: A phase 3 randomised trial (ASSEMBLE)","volume":"7","author":"Daikos","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAC-Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac082","article-title":"Cefiderocol for the treatment of metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacilli: Lights and shadows from the literature","volume":"75","author":"Falcone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix783","article-title":"Colistin versus ceftazidime-avibactam in the treatment of infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"66","author":"Lok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abu-Farha, R.K., Sobh, S., Abu Hammour, K., Darwish El-Hajji, F., Shilbayeh, S.A., and Itani, R. (2025). Prevalence, appropriateness, and outcomes of colistin use in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: Insights from hospital data. Medicina, 61.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61071275"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06980717","article-title":"Attributable risk and time course of colistin-associated acute kidney injury","volume":"13","author":"Miano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2209","article-title":"International Consensus Guidelines for the Optimal Use of the Polymyxins: Endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), International Society for Anti-infective Pharmacology (ISAP), Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP)\u2020","volume":"39","author":"Tsuji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-017-0191-3","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of mortality of patients infected with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofag124","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag124","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of bloodstream infections caused by metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in Argentina: A subanalysis of the EMBARCAR prospective multicentre cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Cordova","year":"2026","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofaf729","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf729","article-title":"Thirty-day mortality associated with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections at a referral hospital in Peru, 2020\u20132023","volume":"12","author":"Loyola","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2025.107630","article-title":"Epidemiology, treatment and outcomes of bloodstream infections due to MBL-producing Enterobacterales in France: A retrospective study","volume":"66","author":"Pilmis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad725","article-title":"Clinical features and outcomes of infections caused by metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales: A 3-year prospective study from an endemic area","volume":"78","author":"Falcone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00399-6","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and bacterial characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae complex among patients from different global regions (CRACKLE-2): A prospective, multicentre, cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.11.008","article-title":"Attributable mortality of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales: Results from a prospective, multinational case-control-control matched cohorts study (EURECA)","volume":"30","author":"Kostyanev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.06.024","article-title":"A predictive model of mortality in patients with bloodstream infections due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"91","author":"Salamanca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.02.018","article-title":"Mortality due to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bacteraemia: A 5-year cohort study in intensive care patients","volume":"31","author":"Karakonstantis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01580-7","article-title":"Outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infections in intensive care units and prognostic effect of different antimicrobial regimens","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04936-2","article-title":"Risk factors for infection after carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii colonization","volume":"43","author":"Peghin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manohar, P., Loh, B., Nachimuthu, R., Hua, X., Welburn, S.C., and Leptihn, S. (2020). Secondary bacterial infections in patients with viral pneumonia. Front. Med., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00420"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2026.2629003","article-title":"The double threat: Bacterial and fungal co-\/superinfection in viral pneumonia","volume":"20","author":"Asis","year":"2026","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2356","article-title":"Bacterial co-infections with SARS-CoV-2","volume":"72","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2671518","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2026.2671518","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of carbapenem therapy in OXA-48-producing Enterobacterales infections: A French multicentre cohort, systematic review, and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Dortet","year":"2026","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0260321","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02603-21","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales bloodstream infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641111","DOI":"10.1080\/20523211.2026.2641111","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of ceftazidime\/avibactam versus polymyxin B in liver transplant recipients with carbapenem-resistant organism infections: A real-world cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Policy Pract."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2025.107650","article-title":"Comparison of ceftazidime-avibactam with other appropriate antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of OXA-48- or KPC-producing Enterobacterales infections in T\u00fcrkiye: A multi-centre retrospective matched-cohort study","volume":"67","author":"Aslan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"20499361251362955","article-title":"Impact of ceftazidime-avibactam on mortality in bloodstream infections: A cohort study in patients with acute leukaemia","volume":"12","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02094-9","article-title":"Ceftazidime-avibactam alone or in combination with aztreonam versus polymyxins in the management of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae nosocomial infections (CAPRI study): A retrospective cohort study from South India","volume":"52","author":"Sree","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-025-01210-6","article-title":"Comparison of effectiveness between ceftazidime\/avibactam and other active therapies for oxacillinase-48-producing carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia in Taiwan","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, X., Zhang, H., Guo, L., Zhang, Y., Ma, Z., An, R., and Li, Y. (2026). Efficacy of ceftazidime\/avibactam versus colistin methanesulfonate in treating pulmonary infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli after craniocerebral surgery and analysis of risk factors influencing clinical outcomes: A retrospective study. BMC Infect. Dis., 26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-026-13151-7"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.05.079","article-title":"Effectiveness of ceftazidime-avibactam versus colistin in treating carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia","volume":"109","author":"Hakeam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7003.485","article-title":"Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence","volume":"311","author":"Altman","year":"1995","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T\u0103l\u0103pan, D., Dan, M.-O., Cire\u015f\u0103, A., and Rafila, A. (2026). Insights into Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem resistance: A two-year retrospective study from a Romanian tertiary care hospital. Front. Microbiol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1728843"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melinte, V., Radu, M.A., V\u0103c\u0103roiu, M.C., M\u00eerzan, L., Holban, T.S., Ileanu, B.V., Cismaru, I.M., and Gheorghi\u021b\u0103, V. (2025). Epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae co-producing MBL and OXA-48-like in a Romanian tertiary hospital: A call to action. Antibiotics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14080783"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alzahrani, N.M., Abanamy, R., Alsaedy, A., Aljohani, S., Alalwan, B., Alqahtani, F.N., Altamimi, M., Alhajeri, Z.M., Alsahhaf, A.H., and Alharbi, A. (2026). Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of carbapenemase-producing organism (CPO) colonization: A tertiary care centre experience in Saudi Arabia. BMC Infect. Dis., 26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-026-13570-6"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.14744\/cpr.2026.83834","article-title":"Impact of oxacillinase-48 (OXA-48) and New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase (NDM) co-existence on mortality in critically ill patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections: A prospective controlled study","volume":"48","author":"Kayar","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pract. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2024.104481","article-title":"Combined therapeutic option for NDM-producing Serratia marcescens: An in vitro study from clinical samples","volume":"29","author":"Albano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Braz. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghiglione, B., Rodriguez, A.P., Haim, M.S., Friedman, L.E., Lincopan, N., Ochiuzzi, M.E., and Di Conza, J.A. (2025). Outbreak of NDM-5-producing Proteus mirabilis during the COVID-19 pandemic in an Argentine hospital. Antibiotics, 14.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202504.1221.v1"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shapovalova, V.V., Ageevets, V.A., Ageevets, I.V., Avdeeva, A.A., Sulian, O.S., Matsvay, A.D., Savochkina, Y.A., Belyakova, E.N., Shipulin, G.A., and Sidorenko, S.V. (2025). Genomic characterization of NDM-1 producer Providencia stuartii isolated in Russia. Antibiotics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14121238"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2026, July 30). Antimicrobial Resistance in the EU\/EEA (EARS-Net): Annual Epidemiological Report for 2024, Available online: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/antimicrobial-resistance-eueea-ears-net-annual-epidemiological-report-2024."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2024.2307912","article-title":"Ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam combination for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales bloodstream infections with presumed metallo-\u03b2-lactamase production: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirkegaard-Biosca, C., del Barrio-Tofi\u00f1o, E., Villamar\u00edn, M., Larrosa, N., Campany, D., Gonz\u00e1lez-L\u00f3pez, J.J., Ferrer, R., Vi\u00f1ado, B., Dom\u00e9nech, L., and Sellar\u00e8s-Nadal, J. (2024). Cefiderocol for the treatment of infections by VIM-type-producing Gram-negative bacteria. Antibiotics, 13, Erratum in Antibiotics 2024, 24, 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics14010004.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14010004"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-022-00735-4","article-title":"Bloodstream infection due to a VIM-metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae treated with cefiderocol in a preterm newborn","volume":"12","author":"Monari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-023-01146-5","article-title":"Treatment of critically ill patients with cefiderocol for infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens: Review of the evidence","volume":"13","author":"Viale","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155207","article-title":"Ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam for extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative infections in critically ill patients","volume":"90","author":"Biswal","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-025-01294-0","article-title":"Continuous infusion of aztreonam-avibactam after high loading dose for an infection caused by an OXA-48- and NDM-1-co-producing ST147 Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"15","author":"Villa","year":"2026","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-025-02584-y","article-title":"Carbapenemase type and mortality in bloodstream infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales: A multicentre retrospective cohort study","volume":"53","author":"Dickstein","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, X., Li, C., Wang, Z., Yang, M., Zhou, T., Gu, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, W., and Hu, Y. (2026). The risk of central line-associated bloodstream infection between internal jugular and subclavian sites in critically ill patients: A multicentre cohort study. BMC Infect. Dis., 26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-026-12837-2"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/14\/9\/2102\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:47:48Z","timestamp":1789987668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/14\/9\/2102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms14092102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms14092102","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]}}}