{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:02:35Z","timestamp":1790139755286,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Province","award":["20252BCF320021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20252BCF320021"]}]},{"name":"Key Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Province","award":["2022KSG01004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KSG01004"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Water Science and Technology Fund","award":["202527ZDKT17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202527ZDKT17"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Water Science and Technology Fund","award":["202526YBKT10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202526YBKT10"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32160305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32160305"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["32160305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32160305"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Harmful cyanobacterial blooms require control strategies that suppress bloom-forming taxa while limiting effects on non-target primary producers and toxin-related risks. We developed a cationic polyquaternium (P126)-engineered local red-soil composite and evaluated its electrokinetic properties, taxon-dependent photophysiological effects, activity against colonial Microcystis, robustness to water chemistry, short-term Danio rerio responses, and field-scale performance. P126 modification reversed soil surface charge to the range of +20 to +33 mV across a pH range of 6.0\u201310.0, generating a strong electrostatic contrast with negatively charged cyanobacteria. At 10 mg L\u22121, the composite suppressed maximum photosystem II quantum yield (Fv\/Fm) in Microcystis aeruginosa and Dolichospermum sp., with no statistically detectable effects on the four tested chlorophyte and diatom strains. For Microcystis colonies \u2265 500 \u03bcm, 20 mg L\u22121 of composite achieved &gt;95% MTT-based inhibition within 24 h, versus &lt; 15% for CuSO4. Suppression persisted across the tested pH and nutrient ranges but was attenuated by high humate concentrations. The maximum unfractionated-sample ELISA microcystin-equivalent signal was approximately 25% lower than with CuSO4; however, dissolved and particulate fractions were not resolved. No statistically detectable treatment-related differences in zebrafish hatching or larval length were observed up to 10.5 mg L\u22121. In a physically isolated sub-lake, composite application preceded a decline of more than three orders of magnitude in algal\/cyanobacterial density and an increase in Secchi depth from approximately 0.25 to 1.2 m; Vallisneria natans was planted subsequently. These results provide laboratory evidence and field case-study observations consistent with electrostatically favored, selective bloom suppression, while residual-polymer fate, sediment effects, chronic toxicity, and multi-trophic responses require further evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14092111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:25:43Z","timestamp":1789986343000},"page":"2111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Field-Scale Suppression of Cyanobacterial Blooms by Cationic Polymer-Modified Local Soil: Selective Inactivation Mechanism and Ecological Responses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ningyan","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Watershed Soil and Water Conservation, Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Water Engineering in Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering, Nanchang 330029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Watershed Soil and Water Conservation, Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Water Engineering in Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering, Nanchang 330029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Watershed Soil and Water Conservation, Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Water Engineering in Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering, Nanchang 330029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yunlu","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhengwei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiaojin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Renjie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Shouchun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Guofei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Watershed Soil and Water Conservation, Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Water Engineering in Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering, Nanchang 330029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1071\/MF21081","article-title":"Climate change and cyanobacteria harmful algae blooms: Adaptation practices for developing countries","volume":"72","author":"Barruffa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. 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