{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:52:43Z","timestamp":1792155163716,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,30]],"date-time":"2017-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae include several human pathogens that can be acquired through contaminated food and water. In this study, the incidence of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteria was investigated in fresh seafood sold in retail markets. The ESBL-positive phenotype was detected in 169 (78.60%) isolates, with Escherichia coli being the predominant species (53), followed by Klebsiella oxytoca (27), and K. pneumoniae (23). More than 90% of the isolates were resistant to third generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefpodoxime. Sixty-five percent of the isolates were resistant to the monobactam drug aztreonam, 40.82% to ertapenem, and 31.36% to meropenem. Resistance to at least five antibiotics was observed in 38.46% of the isolates. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis of ESBL-encoding genes detected blaCTX, blaSHV, and blaTEM genes in 76.92%, 63.3%, and 44.37% of the isolates, respectively. Multiple ESBL genes were detected in majority of the isolates. The recently discovered New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase gene (blaNDM-1) was detected in two ESBL+ isolates. Our study shows that secondary contamination of fresh seafood with enteric bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics may implicate seafood as a potential carrier of antibiotic resistant bacteria and emphasizes an urgent need to prevent environmental contamination and dissemination of such bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms5030053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,30]],"date-time":"2017-08-30T10:40:00Z","timestamp":1504089600000},"page":"53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Multiple Antibiotic-Resistant, Extended Spectrum-\u03b2-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Enterobacteria in Fresh Seafood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Asem","family":"Sanjit Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Control Laboratory, Post Harvest Technology Department, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai 400061, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjusha","family":"Lekshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Control Laboratory, Post Harvest Technology Department, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai 400061, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreepriya","family":"Prakasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Control Laboratory, Post Harvest Technology Department, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai 400061, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binaya","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Control Laboratory, Post Harvest Technology Department, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai 400061, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanath","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Control Laboratory, Post Harvest Technology Department, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai 400061, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp0804651","article-title":"Antibiotic-resistant bugs in the 21st century\u2014A clinical super-challenge","volume":"360","author":"Arias","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. 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