{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:41:48Z","timestamp":1767832908209,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT 2016-0292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2016-0292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gastrointestinal infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. The main virulence factor of STEC is Shiga toxin (Stx), which is responsible for HUS development. STEC can produce Stx type 1 and\/or 2 (Stx1, Stx2) and their variants, Stx2 being more frequently associated with severe cases of HUS. This pathology occurs in 5\u201315% of cases with STEC infection when Stx gain access to the bloodstream and causes damage in the target organs such as the kidney and brain. STEC infections affect mainly young children, although the large HUS outbreak with a new Stx2-producing STEC O104:H4 in Europe in 2011 involved more adults than children, and women were over-represented. Maternal infections during pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Studies in rats showed that Stx2 binds to the utero-placental unit and causes adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this article, we provide a brief overview of Stx2 action on placental tissues and discuss whether they might cause pregnancy loss or preterm birth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms6040111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T02:59:40Z","timestamp":1540349980000},"page":"111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infections during Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Flavia","family":"Sacerdoti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda y Biof\u00edsica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Luj\u00e1n","family":"Scalise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda y Biof\u00edsica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Burdet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Hematolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires 1629, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Marta","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda y Biof\u00edsica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFYBO-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ibarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda y Biof\u00edsica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)91167-4","article-title":"Escherichia coli cytotoxin, haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, and haemorrhagic colitis","volume":"2","author":"Karmali","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.49","article-title":"Hemolytic uremic syndrome: Pathogenesis and update of interventions","volume":"7","author":"Palermo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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