{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T01:16:01Z","timestamp":1779930961839,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R.C.11\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R.C.11\/2011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRIN 2015 W729WH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN 2015 W729WH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Viral infections of the anal\/rectal tract of men who have sex with men (MSM) have been poorly studied. Methods: In total, 158 swab samples (81 anal\/rectal, 65 throat\/oral and 12 urethral) were collected from 126 MSM. DNA was isolated and subjected to real-time PCR assays for the detection of the sexually transmitted (ST) pathogens Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasmas ssp, human papillomavirus (HPV) and six human polyomaviruses (HPyVs; JCPyV, BKPyV, Merkel cell PyV\u2013MCPyV-, HPyV-6, HPyV-7 and HPyV-9). Results: C. trachomatis (31\/126, 24.6%) and M. genitalium (30\/126, 23.8%) were the most frequently detected ST pathogens. Thirty-one\/126 (24.6%) patients were positive for at least one HPyV. The significantly (p &lt; 0.05) prevalent HPyV in the anal tract was MCPyV, which was amplified in 27\/81 (33.3%) samples, followed by HPyV-6, which was amplified in 6\/81 (7.4%) swabs. Coinfections with MCPyV and C. trachomatis or Mycoplasmas were found in 4\/21 (19.0%) and 5\/21 (23.8%) anal\/rectal swabs, respectively. Three\/4 MCPyV-C. trachomatis coinfected patients were symptomatic. Conclusions: Based on the high prevalence of MCPyV in the anal\/rectal swabs from MSM patients and on the well-known oncogenic properties of MCPyV, sexual transmission and possible involvement of HPyVs in the pathogenesis of diseases of the anal canal should be further studied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7020054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T03:05:52Z","timestamp":1550631952000},"page":"54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Is Associated with Anal Infections in Men Who Have Sex with Men"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Nunzia","family":"Zanotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2014IRCCS \u201cBurlo Garofolo\u201d, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3199-9369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Delbue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6691-736X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Signorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Villani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9241-9762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"D\u2019Alessandro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2307-5537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Campisciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2014IRCCS \u201cBurlo Garofolo\u201d, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Colli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MST Center, ASUITS, 34100 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"De Seta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2014IRCCS \u201cBurlo Garofolo\u201d, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Ferrante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2014IRCCS \u201cBurlo Garofolo\u201d, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manola","family":"Comar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2014IRCCS \u201cBurlo Garofolo\u201d, 34137 Trieste, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2016-0519","article-title":"Entry, infection, replication, and egress of human polyomaviruses: An update","volume":"63","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. 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