{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:20:26Z","timestamp":1792632026906,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000691","name":"Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(SBF003\\1088:)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(SBF003\\1088:)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital Charity Research Foundation","award":["50% PhD Studentship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50% PhD Studentship"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycobacteria are a large family of over 100 species, most of which do not cause diseases in humans. The majority of the mycobacterial species are referred to as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), meaning they are not the causative agent of tuberculous (TB) or leprosy, i.e., Mycobacterium tuberculous complex and Mycobacterium leprae, respectively. The latter group is undoubtedly the most infamous, with TB infecting an estimated 10 million people and causing over 1.2 million deaths in 2017 alone TB and leprosy also differ from NTM in that they are only transmitted from person to person and have no environmental reservoir, whereas NTM infections are commonly acquired from the environment. It took until the 1950\u2032s for NTM to be recognised as a potential lung pathogen in people with underlying pulmonary disease and another three decades for NTM to be widely regarded by the medical community when Mycobacterium avium complex was identified as the most common group of opportunistic pathogens in AIDS patients. This review focuses on an emerging NTM called Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abs). M. abs is a rapidly growing NTM that is responsible for opportunistic pulmonary infections in patients with structural lung disorders such as cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis, as well as a wide range of skin and soft tissue infections in humans. In this review, we discuss how we came to understand the pathogen, how it is currently treated and examine drug resistance mechanisms and novel treatments currently in development. We highlight the urgent need for new and effective treatments for M. abs infection as well as improved in vivo methods of efficacy testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7030090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T05:03:12Z","timestamp":1553662992000},"page":"90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":161,"title":["Mycobacterium abscessus: Environmental Bacterium Turned Clinical Nightmare"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Rose C.","family":"Lopeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4867-8198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birmingham Children\u2019s Hospital, Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5208-4056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan A. G.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1953.18","article-title":"An Unusual Acid-Fast Infection of the Knee with Subcutaneous, Abscess-Like Lesions of the Gluteal Region","volume":"20","author":"Moore","year":"1953","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.5.1271","article-title":"Clinical Features of Pulmonary Disease Caused by Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria: An Analysis of 154 Patients","volume":"147","author":"Griffith","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. 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