{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:46:40Z","timestamp":1788918400597,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":188,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM081498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM081498"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF\u03baB) family of transcription factors is a key component of the host innate immune response to infectious adenoviruses and adenovirus vectors. In this review, we will discuss a regulatory adenoviral protein encoded by early region 3 (E3) called E3-RID\u03b1, which targets NF\u03baB through subversion of novel host cell pathways. E3-RID\u03b1 down-regulates an EGF receptor signaling pathway, which overrides NF\u03baB negative feedback control in the nucleus, and is induced by cell stress associated with viral infection and exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-\u03b1. E3-RID\u03b1 also modulates NF\u03baB signaling downstream of the lipopolysaccharide receptor, Toll-like receptor 4, through formation of membrane contact sites controlling cholesterol levels in endosomes. These innate immune evasion tactics have yielded unique perspectives regarding the potential physiological functions of host cell pathways with important roles in infectious disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7080216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T05:37:41Z","timestamp":1564033061000},"page":"216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["New Insights to Adenovirus-Directed Innate Immunity in Respiratory Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Cathleen R.","family":"Carlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(85)80079-9","article-title":"An adenovirus type 2 glycoprotein blocks cell surface expression of human histocompatibility class I antigens","volume":"41","author":"Burgert","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.8.3171","article-title":"Spliced segments at the 5\u2019 terminus of adenovirus 2 late mRNA","volume":"74","author":"Berget","year":"1977","journal-title":"Proc. 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