{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:29:42Z","timestamp":1789586982789,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology , Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["BT\/PR12057\/MED\/12\/676\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR12057\/MED\/12\/676\/2014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Keratitis, an inflammatory disease of the eye, when neglected could lead to sight-threatening complications and ultimately blindness. Globally, over a million people are affected by keratitis annually. Keratitis has a microbial etiology and is caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc. The present study compared the ocular surface fungal microbiome of healthy individuals and individuals with fungal keratitis. Fungal microbiomes from the conjunctival swabs of healthy individuals and from conjunctival swabs and corneal scrapings of individuals with fungal keratitis were generated using ITS2 region amplicons. Microbiomes were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq 2 \u00d7 250 base pair chemistry with a paired-end protocol. Based on Alpha diversity indices, phylum and genera level diversity, abundance differences, and heat map analysis, the fungal microbiomes of conjunctival swabs and corneal scrapings of individuals with fungal keratitis exhibited dysbiosis (alterations in the diversity and abundance) compared to the ocular surface microbiome of the healthy control individuals. This is the first report indicating dysbiosis in the fungal microbiome of conjunctival swabs and corneal scrapings in individuals with fungal keratitis. A total of 11 genera present in the majority of the eyes constituted the variable core ocular microbiome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7090309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T03:06:14Z","timestamp":1567479974000},"page":"309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Alterations in the Ocular Surface Fungal Microbiome in Fungal Keratitis Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Gumpili","family":"Sai Prashanthi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajagopalaboopathi","family":"Jayasudha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sama Kalyana","family":"Chakravarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalem Raj","family":"Padakandla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinthala Reddy","family":"SaiAbhilash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9979-264X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Savitri","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhupesh","family":"Bagga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, L.V. 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