{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T14:35:35Z","timestamp":1782398135349,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC1600101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC1600101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC1600103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC1600103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011798","name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-35"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011798","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018M640719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M640719"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence of carbapenem-resistant and colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae represents a great risk for public health. In this study, the phenotypical and genetic characteristics of eight carbapenem-resistant and colistin-resistant isolates from pig farms in China were determined by the broth microdilution method and whole genome sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the eight carbapenem-resistant and colistin-resistant strains were resistant to three aminoglycosides, twelve \u03b2-lactams, one of the phenicols, one of the tetracyclines, and one of the fluoroquinolones tested, simultaneously. The prediction of acquired resistant genes using the whole genome sequences revealed the co-existence of blaNDM-1 and mcr-1 as well as the other genes that were responsible for the multidrug-resistant phenotypes. Bioinformatics analysis also showed that the carbapenem-resistant gene blaNDM-1 was located on a putative IncFII-type plasmid, which also carried the other acquired resistant genes identified, including fosA3, blaTEM-1B and rmtB, while the colistin-resistant gene mcr-1 was carried by a putative IncX4-type plasmid. Finally, we found that these resistant genes\/plasmids were conjugative, and they could be co-conjugated, conferring resistance to multiple types of antibiotics, including the carbapenems and colistin, to the recipient Escherichia coli strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7110482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T03:20:36Z","timestamp":1571973636000},"page":"482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant and Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Co-Producing NDM-1 and MCR-1 from Pig Farms in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5249-328X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhong","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430040, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaosong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430040, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zizhe","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430040, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zugang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430040, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujin","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430040, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minggang","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9078-386X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430040, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanchun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430040, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430040, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70165-7","article-title":"Characterisation of the Escherichia coli strain associated with an outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in Germany, 2011: A microbiological study","volume":"11","author":"Bielaszewska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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