{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T02:05:34Z","timestamp":1762999534956,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC1600101","2017YFC1600103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC1600101","2017YFC1600103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System","award":["CARS-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-35"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018M640719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M640719"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enterobacteriaceae having chromosomally-encoded mcr-1 is rarely reported. In this study, we recovered a chromosomal mcr-1 carrying Escherichia coli, designated HeN100, from the feces of a diarrheal pig in China. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that HeN100 was resistant to three aminoglycosides, twelve \u03b2-lactams including three carbapenems, one phenicol, two tetracyclines, two fluoroquinolones, nitrofurantoin, and colistin tested. Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing revealed that the complete genomes of the multidrug resistant (MDR) HeN100 consisted of a single circular chromosome and five circular plasmids. Bioinformatical analysis determined HeN100 as ST695 and it contained many acquired resistance genes responsible for its MDR phenotypes, including colistin resistance mcr-1 and the carbapenem resistance blaNDM-1, and most of these genes were located on plasmids. However, the mcr-1 was found on the chromosome, and it was located between an IS30-like element ISApl1 and a PAP2-like encoding gene. These three genes consisted of an \u201cISApl1-mcr-1-orf\u201d segment and inserted in high AT-rich regions. Finally, we found the blaNDM-1 was carried on an IncFII type conjugative plasmid. The conjugation frequency of this plasmid was 7.61\u2009 \u00b1 2.11 \u2009\u00d7 \u200910\u22125 per recipient, and its conjugation conferred resistance to carbapenems and other \u03b2-lactams, as well as aminoglycosides. The spread of this mcr-1\/blaNDM-1-carrying E. coli ST695 represents a great concern of public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7110558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T09:11:27Z","timestamp":1573636287000},"page":"558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Characteristics of a Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli ST695 Harboring the Chromosomally-Encoded mcr-1 Gene"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5249-328X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhong","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zizhe","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zugang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaosong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaoying","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9078-386X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huanchun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0191-1378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trimble, M.J., Mlynarcik, P., Kolar, M., and Hancock, R.E. 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