{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T07:19:56Z","timestamp":1789370396684,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic infection with the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii produces an accumulation of cysts in the brain and muscle, causing tissue damage. The cysts in the brain motor regions affect some kinematic locomotion parameters in the host. To localize the brain cysts from Toxoplasma gondii and study the changes in kinematic locomotion in C57BL\/6 mice. Female adult C57BL\/6 mice were infected orally with 30 ME-49 Toxoplasma gondii cysts. An uninfected group (n = 7) and two infected groups, examined 15 and 40 days postinfection, were used for this study. To evaluate kinematic locomotion, the mice were marked with indelible ink on the iliac crest, hip, knee, ankle, and phalangeal metatarsus of the left and right hindlimbs. At least three recordings were carried out to obtain videos of the left and right hindlimbs. Mice were video recorded at 90 fps at a resolution of 640 \u00d7 480 pixels while walking freely in a transparent Plexiglass tunnel. We measured the hindlimb pendular movement and the hindlimb transfer [linear displacement] curves for each step and evaluated them statistically with Fr\u00e9chet dissimilarity tests. Afterward, the mice were sacrificed, and the brain, heart, skeletal muscle, lung, liver, and kidney were obtained. The different tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for analysis with optical microscopy. Topographic localization of the cysts was made using bregma coordinates for the mouse brain. The cysts were distributed in several brain regions. In one mouse, cyst accumulation occurred in the hippocampus, coinciding with an alteration in foot displacement. The step length was different among the different studied groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7110573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T11:18:48Z","timestamp":1574075928000},"page":"573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Kinematic Locomotion Changes in C57BL\/6 Mice Infected with Toxoplasma Strain ME49"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5581-4322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda de la Luz","family":"Galv\u00e1n-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurofisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, col.Indepdencia, Guadalajara 44320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3757-6209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel Gustavo","family":"Salas-Lais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto of Oftalmolog\u00eda Conde de Valenciana I.A.P.\u201d, Chimalpopoca 14, Centro, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06800, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio Horacio","family":"Due\u00f1as-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurofisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, col.Indepdencia, Guadalajara 44320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Mendizabal-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias computacionales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenier\u00edas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino Garc\u00eda Barrag\u00e1n 1421, Ol\u00edmpica, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Franco Topete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Patolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, col.Indepdencia, Guadalajara 44320, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Anatom\u00eda Patol\u00f3gica del Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Salvador Quevedo y Zubieta 750, Independencia Oriente, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sof\u00eda Citlalli","family":"Berumen-Sol\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurofisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, col.Indepdencia, Guadalajara 44320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Roci\u00f3","family":"Rodr\u00edguez P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurofisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, col.Indepdencia, Guadalajara 44320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Franco Topete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Anatom\u00eda Patol\u00f3gica del Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Salvador Quevedo y Zubieta 750, Independencia Oriente, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Galv\u00e1n-Ramirez, M., and Monrag\u00f3n-Flores, R. 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