{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:31:48Z","timestamp":1788262308146,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRC2016011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRC2016011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009879","name":"Regione Emilia-Romagna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Regional Surveillance of Arboviral Diseases"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Regional Surveillance of Arboviral Diseases"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009879","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania (L.) infantum is a public health threat in the Emilia-Romagna region, northeastern Italy, but its epidemiology has not been fully elucidated in this area. The objective of this study was to characterize Leishmania infection in sand flies collected in a re-emerging focus of VL in the Bologna province. During the summer of 2016, 6114 sand flies were collected, identified, and tested for Leishmania detection. Of the identified sand flies, 96.5% were Phlebotomus (P.) perfiliewi and 3.5% were P. perniciosus. Detected parasites were characterized by biomolecular methods (multilocus microsatellite typing and characterization of repetitive region on chromosome 31), and quantified by real-time PCR. The prevalence of Leishmania infection in individually-tested P. perfiliewi sand flies varied from 6% to 10% with an increasing trend during the season. Promastigotes of L. infantum were isolated by dissection in one P. perfiliewi female; the isolated strain (Lein-pw) were closely related to Leishmania parasites from VL cases in northeastern Italy, but differed from strains isolated in dogs from the same area. Our findings strongly support the vector status of P. perfiliewi for human VL in the study area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7120644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T04:30:35Z","timestamp":1575433835000},"page":"644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Isolation and Molecular Typing of Leishmania infantum from Phlebotomus perfiliewi in a Re-Emerging Focus of Leishmaniasis, Northeastern Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7489-2556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Calzolari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna \u201cB. Ubertini\u201d (IZLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8426-4569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Carra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna \u201cB. Ubertini\u201d (IZLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7437-1929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Rugna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna \u201cB. Ubertini\u201d (IZLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Bonilauri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna \u201cB. Ubertini\u201d (IZLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Bergamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna \u201cB. Ubertini\u201d (IZLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9336-9111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romeo","family":"Bellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Agricoltura Ambiente \u201cG. Nicoli\u201d(CAA), Via Sant\u2019Agata, 835, 40014 Crevalcore, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Varani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Microbiology, Regional Reference Center for Microbiological Emergencies (CRREM), St. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Itally"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Dottori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna \u201cB. Ubertini\u201d (IZLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moriconi, M., Rugna, G., Calzolari, M., Bellini, R., Albieri, A., Angelini, P., Cagarelli, R., Landini, M.P., Charrel, R.N., and Varani, S. (2017). Phlebotomine sand fly\u2013borne pathogens in the Mediterranean Basin: Human leishmaniasis and phlebovirus infections. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005660"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2010). Control of the Leishmaniases: Report of a Meeting of the WHO Expert Commitee on the Control of Leishmaniases, Geneva, 22\u201326 March 2010, World Health Organization. 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