{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T10:36:45Z","timestamp":1788172605402,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Worldwide and in India, malaria elimination efforts are being ramped up to eradicate the disease by 2030. Malaria elimination efforts in North-East (NE) India will have a great bearing on the overall efforts to eradicate malaria in the rest of India. The first cases of chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance were reported in NE India, and the source of these drug resistant parasites are most likely from South East Asia (SEA). NE India is the only land route through which the parasites from SEA can enter the Indian mainland. India\u2019s malaria drug policy had to be constantly updated due to the emergence of drug resistant parasites in NE India. Malaria is highly endemic in many parts of NE India, and Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for the majority of the cases. Highly efficient primary vectors and emerging secondary vectors complicate malaria elimination efforts in NE India. Many of the high transmission zones in NE India are tribal belts, and are difficult to access. The review details the malaria epidemiology in seven NE Indian states from 2008 to 2018. In addition, the origin and evolution of resistance to major anti-malarials are discussed. Furthermore, the bionomics of primary vectors and emergence of secondary malaria vectors, and possible strategies to prevent and control malaria in NE are outlined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7120673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T10:52:41Z","timestamp":1575975161000},"page":"673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Malaria in North-East India: Importance and Implications in the Era of Elimination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2749-4114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devojit Kumar","family":"Sarma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462030, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradumnya Kishore","family":"Mohapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-RMRC, NE Region, Dibrugarh 786001, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dibya Ranjan","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-RMRC, NE Region, Dibrugarh 786001, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savitha","family":"Chellappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NITM (ICMR), Belagavi 590010, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0671-1033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balasubramani","family":"Karuppusamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur 610005, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keshab","family":"Barman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State NVBDCP Unit, Directorate of Health Services, Govt. of Assam, Guwahati 781005, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0192-2133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nachimuthu","family":"Senthil Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Mizoram 796004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya Prasad","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur 610005, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462030, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Balabaskaran Nina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur 610005, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2018). 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