{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:19:29Z","timestamp":1783005569024,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,19]],"date-time":"2020-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002708","name":"Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BACGL2015\/AO\/PFD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BACGL2015\/AO\/PFD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In Gabon, terrestrial mammals of protected areas have been identified as a possible source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Some studies on antibiotic resistance in bats have already been carried out. The main goal of our study was to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) that are produced by enterobacteria from bats in the Makokou region in Gabon. Sixty-eight fecal samples were obtained from 68 bats caught in the forests located 1 km from the little town of Makokou. After culture and isolation, 66 Gram-negative bacterial colonies were obtained. The double-disk diffusion test confirmed the presence of ESBLs in six (20.69%) Escherichia coli isolates, four (13.79%) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, and one (3.45%) Enterobacter cloacae isolate. The analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of the ESBL resistance genes showed that all cefotaximase-Munichs (CTX-Ms) were CTX-M-15 and that all sulfhydryl variables (SHVs) were SHV-11: 41.67% CTX-M-15-producing E. coli, 16.67% CTX-M-15+SHV-11-producing E. coli, 8.33% CTX-M-15-producing K. pneumoniae, 25% CTX-M-15+SHV-11-producing K. pneumoniae, and 8.33% CTX-M-15-produced E. cloacae. This study shows for the first time the presence of multiresistant ESBL-producing enterobacteria in fruit bats in Makokou.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8010138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T04:27:09Z","timestamp":1579494429000},"page":"138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Characterization of ESBL-Producing Enterobacteria from Fruit Bats in an Unprotected Area of Makokou, Gabon"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Pierre Philippe","family":"Mbehang Nguema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET), (Centre National de recherche Scientifique et Technologique\/CENAREST), Libreville B.P. 13354, Gabon"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie de Recherche, Unit\u00e9 de recherche et d\u2019Analyses M\u00e9dicales (URAM), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville B.P. 679, Gabon"},{"name":"UMR CNRS\/uB 6282 Biog\u00e9osciences, Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne, 6 bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0461-4670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Onanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie de Recherche, Unit\u00e9 de recherche et d\u2019Analyses M\u00e9dicales (URAM), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville B.P. 679, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy Roger","family":"Ndong Atome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Chimie, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Franceville B.P. 943, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Constant","family":"Obague Mbeang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET), (Centre National de recherche Scientifique et Technologique\/CENAREST), Libreville B.P. 13354, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ars\u00e8ne","family":"Mabika Mabika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie de Recherche, Unit\u00e9 de recherche et d\u2019Analyses M\u00e9dicales (URAM), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville B.P. 679, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moussa","family":"Yaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Chimie, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique de Masuku (USTM), Franceville B.P. 943, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8789-0517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manon","family":"Lounnas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 34 295 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"UMR MIVEGEC IRD-CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yann","family":"Dumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 34 295 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"UMR MIVEGEC IRD-CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaidi Fatma","family":"Zohra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR MIVEGEC IRD-CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Universit\u00e9 de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algerie"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Godreuil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 34 295 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"UMR MIVEGEC IRD-CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Bretagnolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR CNRS\/uB 6282 Biog\u00e9osciences, Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne, 6 bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cl\u00e1udio, V.C., Gonzalez, I., Barbosa, G., Rocha, V., Moratelli, R., and Rassy, F. 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